What's the difference between amphibole and tremolite?
Amphibole
Definition:
(n.) A common mineral embracing many varieties varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and black. It is a silicate of magnesium and calcium, with usually aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are tremolite, actinolite, asbestus, edenite, hornblende (the last name being also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite, most varieties of trachyte, etc. See Hornblende.
Example Sentences:
(1) Three subcohorts were defined: 3212 men whose only exposure to asbestos was to amosite; 3430 exposed to crocidolite; and 675 to both amphiboles.
(2) Amphibole fibre counts were raised when compared with a non-occupationally exposed group and matched those seen in cases of pleural plaques, mild asbestosis, and mesothelioma.
(3) The second, with amphibole or glassy fibres, is mediated by fibronectin which first binds to the fibre.
(4) Six measures of asbestos-in-air concentration were considered: (1) total asbestos structures per cubic centimeter: (2) chrysotile structures per cubic centimeter; (3) amphibole structures per cubic centimeter; (4) structures per cubic centimeter at least 0.5 micron long and at least five times wide; (5) structures per cubic centimeter at least 5 microns long; and (6) structures per cubic centimeter at least 5 microns long and at least 0.2 micron wide.
(5) The ingestion of filtered water results in the eventual disappearance of amphibole fibers from urine.
(6) When fibre-length distributions were calculated using a scanning electron microscope, however, it was found that the chrysotile clouds used in this study contained many more fibres over 20 microgram long than either of the amphibole clouds.
(7) A suitable quarry was found about 11 km from the port but unfortunately the rock was found to be contaminated to a small extent with a fibrous mineral identified with the analytical transmission electron microscope as a non-commercial type of fine amphibole with many long fibres.
(8) The most positive lavages, probably reflecting exposure to industrial amphiboles, were found in patients presenting with radiological evidence of asbestosis.
(9) The amphibolic asbestos types lie in the upper half and the rock wool sample in the lower half of the range.
(10) Based on the results obtained, the following metabolic pathway is proposed: isopropylbenzene----2,3-dihydro -2,3-dihydroxyisopropylbenzene----3-isopropylcatechol----2 -hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate----isobutyrate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate----amphibolic intermediates.
(11) While amphibole cleavage fragments are usually visible by PCM, asbestos fibers (such as amosite and chrysotile) have finer widths that may render them invisible by PCM.
(12) In general, chrysotile had a toxic effect on the macrophages, whereas amphibole varieties did not.
(13) Of particular importance is an apparent increase in the proportion of mesothelioma risk attributable to tremolite, since the fibers heretofore most responsible for that disease--commercial amphiboles--have been or are being severely regulated or completely eliminated in production and use.
(14) The first reported case was a village woman whose lung tissue contained amphibole asbestos fibres, which were later identified as tremolite.
(15) Crocidolite fiber, a commercial amphibole not native to the region, was nonetheless identified in lung tissue from 15 of 23 chrysotile miners and millers.
(16) There was a rather good correlation between numbers of amphibole fibers and asbestos bodies, with an average ratio of 10:1.
(17) Chrysotile asbestos was much more active in binding IgG than was amphibole asbestos.
(18) Analytical electron microscopy of asbestos body cores showed that in the BL group 95.6% were chrysotile fibres whereas in the AC group amphiboles accounted for 93.1%.
(19) The magnesium amphibole contained the longest (6.03 microns) fibres, and the nickel amphibole contained the shortest (2.7 microns) fibres, resembling those of crocidolite.
(20) Electron microscopic examination of these water samples confirms the presence of asbestiform amphibole fibers.
Tremolite
Definition:
(n.) A white variety of amphibole, or hornblende, occurring in long, bladelike crystals, and coarsely fibrous masses.
Example Sentences:
(1) The greatest care should be exercised by industry in handling tremolite or materials contaminated with it.
(2) After allowance for the fact that regression analyses suggested that the proportion of tremolite in dust was probably 2.5 times higher in Thetford Mines, Quebec, than in Charleston, the results from both matched pair and stratification analyses of tremolite fibre concentrations in lung were almost the same as for chrysotile.
(3) A study was conducted to estimate the exposure-response relationship for tremolite-actinolite fiber exposure and radiographic findings among 184 men employed at a Montana vermiculite mine and mill.
(4) Fiber identification for major elemental content, also done by using scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, indicated the presence of tremolite along with chrysotile.
(5) In the control group, predominant fibers were tremolite or actinolite.
(6) The risk associated with tremolite has been demonstrated in Corsica, Cyprus, the United States, and Canada.
(7) Of particular importance is an apparent increase in the proportion of mesothelioma risk attributable to tremolite, since the fibers heretofore most responsible for that disease--commercial amphiboles--have been or are being severely regulated or completely eliminated in production and use.
(8) It has been found that the silicates widely used in America can contain three forms of asbestos, anthophyllite, tremolite, and chrysolite.
(9) The first reported case was a village woman whose lung tissue contained amphibole asbestos fibres, which were later identified as tremolite.
(10) The mineral assemblage includes antigorite or lizardite as well as chrysotile and tremolite.
(11) The ability of chelators and ascorbic acid to mobilize iron from crocidolite, amosite, medium- and short-fiber chrysotile, and tremolite was investigated.
(12) Concentrations of amosite, crocidolite, and tremolite fibers, and of typical asbestos bodies discriminated sharply between cases and referents.
(13) Any possible adverse effects of work with vermiculite, minimally contaminated with fibrous or non-fibrous tremolite, were thus beyond the limits of detection in this workforce.
(14) A brake on regulation is partially due to a convergence of opinion of unlikely and unintentional allies: industries producing tremolite-containing materials and some epidemiologists resisting attribution of risk to tremolite on the grounds that its known effects--pleural plaques, asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma--are principally due to chrysotile, which is often contaminated with fibrous tremolite.
(15) Inhabitants of the Metsovo area in Northwest Greece (population, 4,000) have been exposed to asbestos through the use of whitewash containing tremolite.
(16) Two samples of nonfibrous tremolite produced respirable dust samples containing numerous elongated fragments with aspect ratios greater than 3:1, which therefore fitted the definition of respirable fibers.
(17) They ignore the basic carcinogenic quality of fibrous tremolite, shown in both animal and epidemiological studies.
(18) In north-east Corsica, asbestos outcrops are a source of environmental pollution, as assessed by airborne concentrations of chrysotile and tremolite that are significantly higher in the north-east than the north-west.
(19) Health effects have been documented among American vermiculite workers who mined and processed vermiculite contaminated with amphibole asbestos, viz., tremolite-actinolite.
(20) Chest roentgenograms, pulmonary function assessment by spirometry, respiratory symptoms, smoking history, and occupational history by questionnaire were obtained from 121 male talc miners and millers exposed to talc containing tremolite and anthophyllite asbestiform fibers.