What's the difference between amygdalic and amygdalin?
Amygdalic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from amygdalin; as, amygdalic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) There was a significant reduction with the progress of age of the urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, DOPA and vanilyl-amygdalic acid.
(2) The subjects with electroencephalographic and sensory signs of stimulating reticular-hypothalamic-amygdalic effects balanced with inhibitory cortical-striatic-septic-hippocampal-epiphyseal effects showed a high oxygen consumption, moderate excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, moderate plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, total and free 11-OHCS and insulin, relatively high concentrations of STH, as well as specific dynamics of hormonal and metabolic reactions to aerobic effects.
(3) The results obtained pointed to the specificity of the neurochemical mechanisms realizing at the level of the amygdalic complex conditioned reflexes of various biological modality in rats.
(4) The sequence of origination of the evoked potentials in different regions of the septum amygdale and the reticular formation in response to the gradually increasing stimulation of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus was studied.
(5) We failed to observe degenerated fibres from the medial preoptical area to the amygdale.
(6) In 16 rabbits with chronic implanted electrodes the authors convened an electrostimulation of the hypocampus, the amygdale body and new cortex which brought to emotional-affective and EEG convulsive reactions.
(7) Microinjection of dopamine and serotonin into the dorso-medial portions of the amygdalic complex of rats increased the latent period of conditioned defense and motor food reactions, spontaneous motor activity, the number of jerks and the value of the conditioned food reflex.
(8) The subjects with high hypothalamic-reticular-amygdalic effects exhibited an opposite type of endocrine activity and time-course variations of hormonal-metabolic parameters, as well as low values of oxygen consumption.
(9) The application of neurophysiological research methods (recording total electrical activity of the cortex and cortical structures of the brain, studying amplitude-time characteristics of averaged evoked potentials of the optical cortex, investigating sensory and convulsive thresholds) has made it possible to explain the neurophysiological basis of the effect of carbon disulfide on the central nervous system-the perturbation of cortical inhibition processes and the increase of excitation in amygdalate structures, both of which play an important role in the fixation process of temporary connection.
(10) The new experimental data showed discharges of neuronal pool during SSC to be present in the caudate nucleus, lateral and medial thalamus, hypothalamus, hypocampus, n. amygdale, and mesencephalic reticular formation.
(11) Area 1 (the anterior part) included the frontal cortex, the olfactory nuclei, the neostriatum, the accumbens nucleus and the septum; area 2 (the medial part) included the cortex, hippocampus, amygdale, thalamus and hypothalamus, and area 3 (the posterior part) included the occipital cortex, the posterior part of hippocampus and thalamus and the mamillary bodies.
(12) Such a method is described, the basis of which is a semiquantitative determination of the vanillic amygdalic acid.
(13) 8) Cerebral edema and compression of the amygdale were common brain pathologic findings.
(14) Using data on the excretion of vanillyl amygdalic and homovanillic acids, the authors established alterations in catecholamine catabolism as well as in the activity of serum amine oxidase, which depended on the degree of mental retardation.
(15) In order to avoid falsely normal results with every urinary test a preparation with added vanillic amygdalic acid is performed and thus the presence of colour inhibitors is recognized.
Amygdalin
Definition:
(n.) A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds as a white, crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) A similar plot for amygdalin was curvilinear, with the rate of cyanide release increasing with time.
(2) Several commercial laetrile preparations contained no glucuronide; they contained amygdalin and neoamygdalin instead.
(3) Experiments are described in which four transplantable rodent tumors (L1210 lymphoid leukemia, P388 lymphocytic leukemia, B16 melanoma, and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma) were used to investigate the antitumor activity of amygdalin MF.
(4) It was discussed whether both are to be considered species or biotypes of another Klebsiella species, however, by determining citrate as carbon source, by MR test and by tests on malonate, gluconate, methyl-xyloside, 1 (--) sorbose, inulin, amylose, methyl-d-mannoside, glycogen, melezitose, VP test, amygdalin, d-tartrate and gas from glucose, we arrived at the conclusion that both could be considered species of the genus.
(5) These findings seriously question the use of amygdalin in clinical medicine under any circumstances.
(6) Rates of cyanide liberation resulting from hydrolysis of the cyanogenic glycosides linamarin, amygdalin and prunasin by a crude beta-glucosidase prepared from hamster caecum were studied in vitro.
(7) beta-Glycosidases from Davallia trichomanoides and Vicia angustifolia hydrolysed (R)-vicianin and (R)-amygdalin at the aglycone-disaccharide bond producing mandelonitrile and the corresponding disaccharide.
(8) We demonstrate that although the guinea pig liver cytosolic beta-glucosidase does not catalyze the hydrolysis of gentiobiose, it does hydrolyze, disaccharide-containing glycosides such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-gentiobioside (Glc beta 1----6Glc beta-pNP) and mandelonitrile-beta-D-gentiobioside (amygdalin).
(9) A simple colorimetric method is described for determining the quantity of hydrogen cyanide produced by the spontaneous decomposition of amygdalin in apricot kernels.
(10) A rapid screening test for detecting amygdalin in tablets, solutions, powders, and seeds, based on the liberation of both hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde as a result of enzymatic decomposition, is described.
(11) In contrast, the toxicity of amygdalin due to the release of cyanide obviously requires microbiological activities of the gut flora.
(12) Using the everted gut-sack technique, we demonstrate that the plant glucosides, amygdalin, prunasin, and vicine, are transported across the small intestine of the guinea pig efficiently and without being hydrolyzed.
(13) The ratio of amygdalin epimers was unchanged in the urine following parenteral injection.
(14) Of the natural glycosidic substrates tested, both enzymes showed a pronounced preference for the endogenous cyanogenic disaccharide (R)-amygdalin.
(15) nov. produced acid weakly from amygdalin but not from mannitol trehalose.
(16) Following parenteral administration of laetrile, amygdalin is excreted primarily as the unchanged molecule and urinary recoveries may approach 100 percent.
(17) In the 1920s, Dr. Ernst T. Krebs, Sr., formulated a theory that amygdalin could kill cancer cells.
(18) Therefore, alloxan was co-administered into the fourth ventricle alone or in combination with D-glucose, L-glutamine, or amygdalin, all known antagonists of alloxan's B cell toxicity, or with L-glucose, which does not antagonize B cell toxicity.
(19) Amygdalin at various concentrations and with numerous impurities is the most common cyanogenic glycoside found in laetrile samples.
(20) Furthermore, we establish that the enzyme attacks disaccharide glycosides exolytically; specifically, we document the exolytic deglucosylation of amygdalin and the generation of the intermediate monosaccharide glycoside mandelonitrile-beta-D-glucoside prior to the formation of the aglycone (mandelonitrile).