(n.) A variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities, occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition, it is porous, like lava.
(a.) Alt. of Amygdaloidal
Example Sentences:
(1) The anticonvulsant properties of the endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid (KYA), were studied in prepubescent and adult rats using the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy.
(2) On the other hand, the limbic after-discharges to the hippocampal or amygdaloid stimulation were enhanced by Z. mioga as well as chlorpromazin, but they were inhibited by diazepam.
(3) Electrical amygdaloid kindling was carried out with a 15 min inter-stimulus interval (ISI) in a control situation with intravenous (i.v.)
(4) While acquisition was not influenced by saline injections into various other cerebral structures, it was significantly altered by similar injections into these amygdaloid nuclei, especially by those into the BL nucleus, suggesting that this nucleus is particularly involved in passive avoidance learning.
(5) In contrast, the efferent projections of the main olfactory bulb are distributed to the anterior olfactory nucleus, the tenia tecta, the olfactory tubercle, the pyriform cortex, the anterior cortical amygdaloid area, the posterolateral cortical amygdaloid area, and to the lateral entorhinal cortex.
(6) Amygdaloid kindling of rats produced an increase in hippocampal Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 and cholecystokinin immunoreactivities and simultaneously a decrease in dynorphin A1-8 content.
(7) Increased hippocampal DG uptake was correlated with prolonged amygdaloid after discharge duration but not with the behavioral seizure stage.
(8) These fibers terminate in the dorsal part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus and in the capsule of the central nucleus.
(9) The present study was designed to investigate the effects of electrical kindling in vivo on GABA immunoreactivity (GABA-IR) of the lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei 2-6 months post-stimulation.
(10) Small bilateral electrolytic lesions in amygdaloid body restricted to basolateral, medial and central nuclei were produced.
(11) However, it is also apparent that the majority of putative transmitter types within the amygdaloid vagal projection still are unknown.
(12) Other areas related with the amygdaloid complex do not exhibit such an early increase, but this alteration occurs when the kindling process is fully established.
(13) This was particularly the case in the hypothalamus (areas of origin or termination of the tuberohypophyseal and incertohypothalamic dopamine systems) but also in the hippocampal formation (alveus, fimbria, hilus dentate gyrus), amygdaloid complex (anterior, basolateral, medial nuclei).
(14) Different effects of separate amygdaloid nuclei on insulin secretion were revealed in acute experiments.
(15) Effects of amygdaloid lesions on the switch-off behavior (SOB) and behavioral changes induced by a delayed reinforcement (DR) for SOB were investigated in 12 cats.
(16) These results indicate that terminals of intra-amygdaloid fibers expand from the cellular part to the molecular layer in the MAN and make synaptic contacts in this layer following the denervation of the AOB fibers.
(17) The findings provide further information about the synaptic organization of afferents to the amygdala, and indicate that single amygdaloid neurons play a role in the synaptic integration of input from these diverse sources.
(18) On the other hand suppression of dominance induced by clonidine given bilaterally into the cortical amygdaloid nucleus was resistant to desipramine treatment.
(19) The administration of 5 x 10(-8) moles of dibutyryl cyclic AMP through the cannula implanted into the amygdaloid complex also induced behavioral and electroencephalographic abnormalities similar to those found in the cholera toxin-treated animals.
(20) A moderate amount of amygdaloid terminals were located within the rostral A6 (locus coeruleus) and A2 (nucleus of the solitary tract) groups.
Geode
Definition:
(n.) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter.
(n.) The cavity in such a nodule.
Example Sentences:
(1) Although the 2 groups were similar with respect to the frequency and severity of joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, and geodes, osteophytes were less common in the patients with diabetes (P = 0.044), and spurring, when present, tended to be "marked" less often in the diabetic patients than in the controls.
(2) Subchondral cyst formation (geode) is a not uncommon manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis which may at times impede correct radiologic interpretation.
(3) In the appendicular skeleton abnormalities include: well-defined lytic areas (geodes), pathologic fractures, marginal erosions, and periarticular soft tissue swelling.
(4) Voluminous geodes affecting one or more of the bone of the wrist were present in 20 percent of the patients with ACC and in 5 percent of the controls.
(5) The term geode, rather than cyst or pseudocyst, may be a more appropriate decription of these lesions.
(6) Tolypocladium geodes strain NC50 was transformed by different integrating vectors bearing both a synthetic gene encoding human lysozyme (HLz) and the Sh ble phleomycin resistance marker, either in separate expression cassettes or in transcriptional or translational fusion configurations.
(7) In contrast to most of the commonly described techniques requiring prior preparation of protoplasts or spheroplasts, this method leads to high efficiency transformation of T. geodes conidiospores following moderate lytic enzyme treatment.
(8) Their precise natur remains hypothetical, in the absence of histological criteria, but it is possible at least for the bordered geodes, that they represent tiny centres of osteonecrosis.
(9) In 2 cases no classification could be assigned to isolated or predominant geodes of the femoral head in spite of anatomic examination.
(10) A "total geode score" was also obtained by scoring, separately, the geodes.
(11) The surgical treatment indicated is voiding and packing to a maximum the geodes possibly correcting the former increased pressure discordance.
(12) Radiological examinations showed 40 abnormal findings in 23 patients (28%): erosive arthropathies of fingers (4), and multiple geodes of the carpus (8), of the humeral head (7) or of the hip (9).
(13) Giant pseudocysts (geodes) are uncommon and are characteristically associated with extensive joint destruction.
(14) Those outbreaks with specific evolution bring about either an extension of the socket or the appearance of a new geode.
(15) Assesment was carried out on Xrays of both hands, search being made for erosions, geodes, and joint narrowing, the severity being graduated from 0 to 4, according to data from the international Atlas of Radiology.
(16) Only 20 patients had severely erosive disease, which manifested as giant geodes in 8 cases and as main en lorgnette deformity in one case.
(17) All transformants from E. coli and most from T. geodes displayed beta Gal activity.
(18) Geodes should be studied more by their severity than by their frequency; this is high in the controls, which diminishes their specificity (45 for the wrist, 62 for the first carpo-metacarpal, and 75 for the first metacarpo-phalangeal joint).
(19) Geodes (3.7%), destructive lesions (3.9%), sclerosis (4%) and articular lesions (5.1%) are second in frequency.
(20) Southern hybridization revealed multiple integration sites of plasmid DNA into the T. geodes nuclear DNA despite the absence of homology between the transforming DNA and the recipient genome.