(1) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(2) In summary, GABAergic tone did not effect basal acid secretion in anesthetized rats.
(3) Anesthetized sheep (n = 6) previously prepared with a lung lymph fistula underwent 2 hr of tourniquet ischemia of both lower limbs.
(4) Blood flow was measured in leg and torso skin of conscious or anesthetized sheep by using 15-micron radioactive microspheres (Qm) and the 133Xe washout method (QXe).
(5) The responses of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), renin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) to hypotensive hemorrhage were examined before and 1 h after lesion of the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats and 1 day before and 4 days after lesion of the PVN in conscious rats.
(6) In one series of experiments, the animals were not treated before the tissues were conventionally fixed; in another, anesthetized animals were administered horseradish peroxidase 20 min before the tissues were fixed.
(7) In vitro studies in cardiac Purkinje fibers suggested that reversal of amitriptyline-induced cardiac membrane effects by sodium bicarbonate may be attributed not only to alkalinization but also to increased in extracellular sodium concentration, diminishing the local anesthetic action of amitriptyline and resulting in less sodium channel block.
(8) Experiments were performed in anesthetized 18-19-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to evaluate the effects of delayed antihypertensive treatment on cerebrovascular function.
(9) In the present experiments, single unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques were used to determine the effects of benzodiazepines on DA and non-DA neurons in the VTA of chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(10) The concentrations of anesthetics having this effect on the putative Ca2+ channel were between 0.0026 and 0.078 MAC equivalents for each agent, and these concentrations are much lower than the anesthetic concentrations affecting Ca2+ uptake.
(11) Increasing the pH of local anesthetics with sodium bicarbonate has been reported to hasten their onset of action.
(12) The effects of intra-arterial administration of substance P upon intestinal blood flow, oxygen consumption, intestinal motor activity, and distribution of blood flow to the compartments of the gut wall were measured in anesthetized dogs.
(13) In the anesthetized cat, the posterior canal nerve (PCN) was stimulated by electric pulses and synaptic responses were recorded intracellularly in the three antagonistic pairs of extraocular motoneurons.
(14) The effects of clozapine on the spontaneous firing rate of noradrenergic (NE, locus coeruleus), dopaminergic (DA, zona compacta, ventral tegmental area) and non-dopaminergic (zona reticulata) neurons was studied in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(15) Atrioventricular (AV) delay that results in maximum ventricular filling and physiological mechanisms that govern dependence of filling on timing of atrial systole were studied by combining computer experiments with experiments in the anesthetized dog instrumented to measure phasic mitral flow.
(16) The interactions of nitrous oxide with cytochrome c oxidase isolated from bovine heart muscle have been investigated in search of an explanation for the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by the inhalation anesthetic.
(17) We measured the steady-state volumes of distribution for radioactive chloride, sucrose, and albumin in the lung of six anesthetized, spen-thorax sheep.
(18) Acute isovolemic anemia was produced in anesthetized chickens by serial exchanges of 6% dextran 70 equal to 1% of body weight to quantitate cardiovascular and metabolic parameters.
(19) The effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) or angiotensin III (ANG III) on renal cortical blood flow (CBF) or papillary blood flow (PBF) were investigated in Inactin-anesthetized young rats with the use of laser-Doppler flowmetry.
(20) Nitrous oxide (N2O) is frequently used for maintenance of anesthesia in research animals because of its minimal effect upon circulatory variables and the ability to rapidly alter its anesthetic concentration.
Pain
Definition:
(n.) Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty.
(n.) Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart.
(n.) Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.
(n.) To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish.
(n.) To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.
(n.) To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his parents.
Example Sentences:
(1) Experience of pain is modified by intern and extern influences, and it can appear very multiformly in the chronicity.
(2) All subjects completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, which measures the use and perceived effectiveness of a variety of cognitive and behavioral coping strategies in controlling and decreasing pain.
(3) Although solely nociresponsive neurons are clearly likely to fill a role in the processing and signalling of pain in the conscious central nervous system, the way in which such useful specificity could be conveyed by multireceptive neurons is difficult to appreciate.
(4) Sixteen patients were operated on for lumbar pain and pain radiating into the sciatic nerve distribution.
(5) Needle acupuncture did, however, increase the pain threshold compared with the initial value (alpha = 0.1%).
(6) Pain is not reported in the removal area, the clinical examinations show identical findings on both patellar tendons, X-ray and ultrasound evaluations do not demonstrate any change in patellar position.
(7) For assessment of clinical status, investigators must rely on the use of standardized instruments for patient self-reporting of fatigue, mood disturbance, functional status, sleep disorder, global well-being, and pain.
(8) However, as the plan unravels, Professor Marcus's team turn on one another, with painfully (if painfully funny) results.
(9) During the chronic phase, pain was assessed using visual analogue scales at 8 AM and 4 PM daily.
(10) Symptoms, particularly colicky abdominal pain, improved during the period of chelation therapy.
(11) Cook, who has postbox-red hair and a painful-looking piercing in his lower lip, was now on stage in discussion with four fellow YouTubers, all in their early 20s.
(12) The main clinical symptom was pain, usually sciatica, while neurological symptoms were less common than they are in adults.
(13) The study revealed that hypophysectomy and ventricular injection of AVP dose dependently raised pain threshold and these effects were inhibited by naloxone.
(14) Anxious mood and other symptoms of anxiety were commonly seen in patients with chronic low back pain.
(15) During these delays, medical staff attempt to manage these often complex and painful conditions with ad hoc and temporizing measures,” write the doctors.
(16) In this study, a potassium nitrate-polycarboxylate cement was used as a liner and was found clinically to tend to preserve pulpal vitality and significantly eliminate or decrease postoperative pain.
(17) The successful treatment of the painful neuroma remains an elusive surgical goal.
(18) Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated previous LBP or back pain in another location of the spine were strongly associated with LBP during the study year.
(19) Our previous study demonstrated that acupuncture increased pain threshold of the body, especially in the inflammatory area.
(20) The triad of epigastric pain unrelieved by antacids, bilious vomiting, and weight loss, particularly after a gastric operation should make one suspect this syndrome.