What's the difference between anhydride and lactide?
Anhydride
Definition:
(n.) An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.
Example Sentences:
(1) The 1-0-methylalduronic-acidmethylesters, obtained by the methanolysis of the polysaccharides, are reduced with boronhydrid to the corresponding methyl glycosides; there are split with acid to the aldoses, which are converted in pyridine with hydroxylamine to the aldoximes and than with acetic anhydride to the aldonitrilacetates, which can be separated by gaschromatography without difficulty.
(2) Several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are herein shown to catalyze the AMP----ADP and ADP----ATP exchange reactions (in the absence of tRNAs) by utilizing a transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to reactive AMP and ADP intermediates that are probably the mixed anhydrides of the nucleotide and the corresponding amino acid.
(3) The aza analogue (RS)-3-hydroxy-2,5-pyrrolidinedione-3-acetic acid (6) of the five-membered citric anhydride (2) was prepared in the sequence citric acid----2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one-5,5-diacetic acid (1)----citric acid beta-amide (3)----6 and used to resolve ambiguities in the mechanism of the citrate synthase reaction.
(4) The method involves solvent extraction of the compounds from plasma, derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and subsequent separation on a 3% OV-17 column.
(5) The 6alpha- and 6beta-testosterone derivatives were attached to BSA via a mixed anhydride coupling employing tributylamine and i minus-butylchlorocarbonate.
(6) It is concluded that the side product generated during the reaction of Fmoc-chloride with glutamic acid which is used for analysis of the latter is the N-protected internal anhydride and not the pyroglutamate as reported in the literature.
(7) When a larger excess of ethoxyformic anhydride was used for the lipase reaction, 2.8 histidine residues were ethoxyformylated and characterised as His-354, His-156 and His-75, which resulted in an 85% inhibition of the tributyrylglycerol hydrolysis by the enzyme.
(8) The three compounds, which all possess carboxylic acid group, were converted into their hexafluoro-2-propyl esters with hexafluoropropan-2-ol-pentafluoropropionic anhydride as reagent.
(9) New light-curable adhesive opaque resins were prepared using 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), di (methacryloxyethyl) trimethylhexamethylene diurethane (UDMA) and titanium dioxide.
(10) Five microliters of acetic anhydride was added to the serum to convert all 5-ASA to Ac-5-ASA.
(11) The equilibrium constant for formation of the anhydride from the thil ester of enzyme and methyl 3-mercaptopropionate is 75 times larger than the equilibrium constant of 2.2 for the formation of N,O-diacetylhydroxylamine from acetohydroxamic acid and acetyl-CoA.
(12) For the quantitative determination of sulfolipids having long sugar chains, it is necessary to treat thin-layer chromatography plates with acetic anhydride before color development.
(13) We have changed the net charge to -6 by acylation with acetylcitric anhydride (a new acylating agent); this anionic derivative forms tetrameric helix at neutral pH, without salt, and at relatively low concentration, conditions under which the cationic MLT does not become helical.
(14) A sensitive potentiometric monitoring method was developed that permits the continuous measurement of the disolution profiles of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride-acid copolymers and salt derivatives.
(15) Thromboxane B2 (TxB2) was coupled with beta-D-galactosidase by mixed anhydride reaction.
(16) To obtain a volatile histidine derivative it has been found necessary to add an antioxidant and to heat samples with ethoxyformic anhydride prior to injection.
(17) Bronchial provocation studies using alcoholic-saline solutions of phthalic anhydride and phthalic anhydride dust resulted in immediate airway obstruction.
(18) Acylation of glutamate dehydrogenase with ethoxyformic anhydride at pH6.1 led to the modification of three histidine residues with a corresponding loss of half the original activity.
(19) The extract of plasma or urine was treated with diazomethane followed by trifluoroacetic anhydride to convert I and II into their methyl ester trifluoroacetyl derivatives.
(20) The reaction was monitored by capillary gas chromatography after derivatization by trifluoroacetic anhydride.
Lactide
Definition:
(n.) A white, crystalline substance, obtained from also, by extension, any similar substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) Diphtheria toxoid, which is an important vaccine in the expanded program of immunization (EPI) in the developing countries, was microencapsulated using poly(D,L,-lactide) of 49,000 molecular weight and the in-water drying technique.
(2) Using the technique described it was possible, in all cases, to carry out treatment with the use of 4-hole poly(L-lactide) plates and screws.
(3) To evaluate the mechanical properties of absorbable braided poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) fibre implants, 2.0 and 3.2 mm in diameter, maximum load defined as tensile load carrying capacity, elongation and axial rigidity were investigated after immersion in phosphate-buffered distilled water at 37 degrees C and pH 6.1 and after subcutaneous implantation in rabbit.
(4) In order to compare them, similar compression-moulded specimens were implanted intramuscularly in the backs of rabbits, namely PLA50 (poly(DL-lactic acid)), PLA37.5GA25 (75% DL-lactide and 25% glycolide in the feed) and PLA75GA25 (75% L-lactide and 25% glycolide).
(5) The duration of hormone release from testosterone-loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres was assessed in eight hypogonadal men.
(6) Self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) screws were used to fix bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomies (SSO) in six sheep.
(7) The inclusion of osteo-inductive substances in poly-(DL, lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer alloplastic implants has been shown to enhance the repair of osseous defects.
(8) When microspheres of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), starch, dextran or dextran blue were transferred, their distribution in the genital tract in the morning of Day 5 showed that poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and dextran microspheres stayed longer in the oviduct while starch and dextran blue microspheres were transported to the uterus at the same time as the eggs.
(9) In vivo and in vitro degradation of high molecular weight poly(L-lactide) used for internal bone fixation has been investigated.
(10) To determine how the distribution of poly(L-lactide) molecules in the microcapsule membrane changes during degradation, poly(L-lactide) microcapsules, at various stages of the degradation process in various solutions, were sampled and redispersed in pH 7.6 buffer solutions of different ionic strengths and their zeta potentials determined.
(11) Arthrodesis was performed in both feet at the same operation and fixed on one side with a self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) screw, and with a standard AO screw on the other side.
(12) Ultra-high-strength poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) rods were fabricated using a drawing technique.
(13) Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) with an extremely high molecular weight (Mv up to 1 X 10(6)) was synthesized at a low catalyst concentration (0.015 wt%) and temperatures between 100-110 degrees C. Besides good mechanical properties the as-polymerized PLLA exhibited a microporous structure.
(14) The effectiveness of the system is illustrated by comparing the results for three contrasting materials: polyethylene, poly(vinyl-chloride) containing a stabilizer that is cytotoxic, and poly(DL-lactide) containing hydrocortisone acetate.
(15) We reviewed 27 patients with small-fragment fractures or osteotomies treated by internal fixation with absorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide pins.
(16) In an NMR study, the signal of the water protons shifted towards a higher applied field with increasing interaction of water with the poly(L-lactide) microcapsule surface when the microcapsules were dispersed at low concentrations (up to 4 x 10(-3) per cent).
(17) We have evaluated the use of biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres for the controlled release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its modified forms: succinyl IL-2 (SIL-2) and polyethylene glycol-modified IL-2 (PEG IL-2).
(18) Microspheres composed of biocompatible, biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DL-PLG) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) toxoid were evaluated as a vaccine delivery system when subcutaneously injected into mice.
(19) The degree of degradation of poly(L-lactide) microcapsules was measured as a function of the time elapsed in solutions of different pH values.
(20) Biodegradable rods made of polyglycolide (Dexon, Biofix) or lactide-glycolide copolymer (Vicryl) have been used for the past 5 years for internal fixation of a variety of fractures and osteotomies (Böstman et al.