(n.) An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity.
(n.) One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; as, men and animals.
(a.) Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
(a.) Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
(a.) Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
Example Sentences:
(1) These variants may serve as useful gene markers in alcohol research involving animal model studies with inbred strains in mice.
(2) This trend appeared to reverse itself in the low dose animals after 3 hr, whereas in the high dose group, cardiac output continued to decline.
(3) It is supposed that delta-sleep peptide along with other oligopeptides is one of the factors determining individual animal resistance to emotional stress, which is supported by significant delta-sleep peptide increase in hypothalamus in stable rats.
(4) The animals were sacrificed every 12 hr from D12.0 through D17.0.
(5) Nutritionally rehabilitated animals had similar numbers of nucleoli to control rats.
(6) After two weeks all animals were killed and autopsies of the animals were performed.
(7) Spectrophotometric determination of the sulfhydryl content in the animal tissue before (control) and after using 6,6'-Dithiodinicotinic acid is applied.
(8) When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
(9) Increased dietary protein intake led to increased MDA per nephron, increased urinary excretion of MDA, and increased MDA per milligram protein in subtotally nephrectomized animals, and markedly increased the glutathione redox ratio.
(10) Measurement of the intraspinal monoamine level revealed a decrease in the intraspinal norepinephrine level in the treated animals.
(11) Pretraining consumption did not predict (among animals) post-training consumption.
(12) A group I subset (six animals), for which predominant cultivable microbiota was described, had a mean GI of 2.4.
(13) As the percentage of rabbit feed is very small compared to the bulk of animal feeds, there is a fair chance that rabbit feed will be contaminated with constituents (additives) of batches previously prepared for other animals.
(14) Using mini-pigs with an indwelling vascular catheter, the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol were investigated in healthy and liver-damaged animals.
(15) Tests showed the cells survive and function normally in animals and reverse movement problems caused by Parkinson's in monkeys.
(16) Neuroleptics (chlorpromazine, reserpine and haloperidol) had not such an influence, though they somewhat increased the general activity of the animals.
(17) To examine the central nervous system regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion, an animal model was developed that allowed cerebroventricular and intravenous injections as well as collection of duodenal perfusates in awake, freely moving rats.
(18) Since 1987, it has become possible to obtain immature ova from the living animal and to let them mature, fertilize and develop into embryos capable of transplantation outside the body.
(19) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(20) In animal experiments pharmacological properties of the low molecular weight heparin derivative CY 216 were determined.
Pharmacology
Definition:
(n.) Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.
(n.) A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.
Example Sentences:
(1) Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations, a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity, was assessed in Xenopus Laevis, intact or spinalized, at different temperatures and by use of pharmacological tools.
(2) The effects of sessions, individual characteristics, group behavior, sedative medications, and pharmacological anticipation, on simple visual and auditory reaction time were evaluated with a randomized block design.
(3) In animal experiments pharmacological properties of the low molecular weight heparin derivative CY 216 were determined.
(4) This activation demonstrated in humans confirms the pharmacological results of the interferon induction obtained with SL04 in vivo in mice and in vitro in human cell cultures.
(5) Many features of CFTR activity suggest that pharmacological interventions may be possible.
(6) testosterone, fentanyl, nicotine) may ultimately be administered in this way, important questions pertaining to pharmacology (tolerance), toxicity (irritation, sensitisation) and dose sufficiency (penetration enhancement) remain.
(7) These observations indicate that lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations can be altered pharmacologically and that the progression of cardiovascular disease may be altered through changes in lipoprotein (a) levels.
(8) Significant differences in the pharmacological characteristics of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor were observed between the tissues with reference to both absolute drug affinities as well as rank order of drug potency.
(9) Pharmacodynamic relationships are not well established for other therapeutic effects of theophylline, such as attenuation of pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction.
(10) The primary focus of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy should be to control systemic blood pressure in a simple, affordable, and nontoxic fashion that provides an adequate quality of life.
(11) Only an extensive knowledge of the various mechanisms and pharmacologic agents that can be used to prevent or treat these adverse reactions will allow the physician to approach the problem scientifically and come to a reasonable solution for the patient.
(12) The pharmacological effects characterize reproterol as a bronchospasmolytic with preferential impact on the adrenergic beta2-receptors.
(13) Baroreflex function was studied in conscious early phase (less than 6 weeks) two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats before and 24 hours after surgical reversal of hypertension by removal of the constricting renal artery clip or after pharmacological reduction of blood pressure by an infusion of hydralazine or captopril.
(14) The study confirms that secretin influences pancreatic protein secretion and indicates in addition, that pharmacologic doses of the hormone, have the capacity to block acinar cell zymogen granule release.
(15) Results of sleep sampling under electroencephalographic control of the assessment of GH secretion are comparable to conventional pharmacological studies in terms of efficiency, sensitivity, and percentage false-negatives.
(16) Behavioral variables, including interreinforcement interval and drug self-administration history, appear to be important determinants of whether or not reinforcement will be demonstrated, particularly among the benzodiazepines; but the range of conditions under which behavioral and pharmacological variables interact to promote or lessen the likelihood of self-administration of these drugs remains to be determined experimentally.
(17) Because there were no interactions of time and type of migraine in either study, these results raise some questions about the existence of differential effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment of menstrual vs non-menstrual migraine.
(18) Some factors of resistance (such as side benefits) happen in reactive and neurotic depressions and are independent of the pharmacological action.
(19) The fractional rate constants for the accumulation or disappearance of the metabolites could be determined after pharmacological blockade of catabolic enzymes or the acid metabolite carrier.
(20) However, reliable discrimination between immunological and idiosyncratic pharmacological mechanism is difficult to obtain.