(n.) An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to cation.
Example Sentences:
(1) Both SAA and non-SAA enhanced ammonium excretion but only non-SAA enhanced organic anion excretion, an indicator of incomplete oxidation of organic acids.
(2) In the presence of high external Cl, a component of outward current that was inhibited by the anion channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) appeared in 70% of the cells.
(3) Cell viability, ability to generate superoxide anion, and chemotaxis were found to be unaltered both before and after labeling.
(4) Interaction of viable macrophages with cationic particles at 37 degrees C resulted in their "internalization" within vesicles and coated pits and a closer apposition between many segments of plasmalemma than with neutral or anionic substances.
(5) In general, enzyme activity was strongly reduced by heavy metal inorganic cations; less strongly by organometallic cations, some anions, and certain pesticides; and weakly inhibited by light metal cations and organometallic and organic compounds.
(6) The order in which anions supported uptake was Cl- = SCN- greater than F- greater than NO3- = SO2(-4) for beta-alanine, whereas it was SCN- greater than F- = Cl- = NO3- greater than SO2(-4) for L-alpha-alanine.
(7) Moreover, it is the recombinant p70 polypeptides of slowest mobility that coelute with S6 kinase activity on anion-exchange chromatography.
(8) Superoxide anion (O2.-) was photogenerated upon illumination of riboflavin in fluorescent light.
(9) At hypothyroid patients there is an ADP excess which is degenerated to xanthine, the substrate of xanthine oxidase resulting in toxic anion superoxide and UA.
(10) The sigmoidal shape of the curve of rate constant vs mole percent anionic lipid is consistent with a positively cooperative effect of the negative surface charge.
(11) The changes included swelling, blunting, and flattening of epithelial foot processes, were accompanied by decreased stainability of glomerular anionic sites, and were largely reversed by subsequent perfusion with the polyanion heparin.
(12) The granules of human large granular lymphocytes have been reported to contain, in addition to perforin, a soluble HRF activity that can be eluted from anion-exchange columns at 115 mM NaCl.
(13) The channels studied here were more selective for monovalent cations than anions, but also showed some permeability to anions and larger electrolytes, suggesting a large functional pore diameter.
(14) The reduction of cytochrome c was found to be sensitive to both anaerobiosis and superoxide dismutase, suggesting the involvement of superoxide anions with this electron acceptor.
(15) The porins are a class of voltage-dependent, anion-selective, channel-forming proteins located in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM).
(16) In 254 findings of the acid-base balance ions and proteins, the authors evaluated mutual relations between the acid-base balance and calculation from the anion column.
(17) Proceeding from the observation that organic anions bound to albumin have hepatic extraction fractions that are unexpectedly high, we have studied a distributed model that accounts for this phenomenon by invoking sites on the cell surface that catalyze the dissociation of albumin-anion complexes.
(18) 6) The subunits alpha and beta of bovine follitropin were obtained by incubation in acidic urea, the chains being then separated by anion exchange chromatography.
(19) Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
(20) The oxidation of the anion radical intermediate by O2 to the parent nitro compound is proposed to account for the well-known O2 inhibition of microsomal nitroreductase.
Arsenate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of arsenic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) The operon was found to have two functional regions, the promoter-proximal region encoding resistance to arsenite and antimonate and the promoter-distal region encoding arsenate resistance.
(2) At the same time, arsenate stabilizes the delta psi value, but blocks K+ uptake.
(3) Because of the analogous results with arsenate and sulfate, it is suggested that arsenate, like sulfate, may enhance the carcinogenicity of other carcinogens.
(4) The levels of arsenobetaine, which occurs naturally in these fish, did not appear to be affected by the oral dosing with sodium arsenate.
(5) Experiments with both types of cells showed a direct correlation between the arsenate taken up and the amount of As-lipid complex formed.
(6) Pretreatment of the cells with respiratory chain poisons or uncouplers, except for arsenate, inhibited transport up to 95%.
(7) In the presence of phosphate, arsenate uptake is inhibited while in the presence of arsenate, phosphate uptake is only slightly inhibited.
(8) The resistance pattern included arsenate, arsenite, and antimonate ions.
(9) First-time measurements of the potentially toxic inorganic species of arsenic (arsenite and arsenate) have been obtained in fine (less than 2.5 microns AD) and coarse (greater than 2.5 microns AD) atmospheric particles in the Los Angeles area.
(10) The effects of the metabolic inhibitors, arsenate (1,10 mM), iodoacetate (1 mM), alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (alpha C4HC: 0.05, 0.15, 0.5 mM), malonate (10 mM) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (10 microM) on granule cell evoked activity and levels of energy metabolites of superfused hippocampal slices were investigated.
(11) Hamster dams were exposed to teratogenic doses of arsenate by means of osmotic minipumps implanted on the morning of Day 6 of the gestation period.
(12) These results suggest that, in the presence of MgADP, vanadate or arsenate, and 3-P-glycerate, the enzyme catalyzed the formation of multiple structurally distinguishable complexes that are stable on the enzyme and labile off the enzyme.
(13) Post mortem reduction of arsenate to arsenite was found to occur rapidly in fish tissue.
(14) The inhibition constants for arsenate and for glycerol phosphate with the mutant enzyme are similar to those with the wild-type isomerase, but the substrate analogues 2-phosphoglycolate and phosphoglycolohydroxamate bind 8- and 35-fold, respectively, more weakly to the mutant isomerase.
(15) Arsenate seems to bind with similar affinity, but with distinctly less protective activity (maximum of 16%).
(16) Inactivation of the high-affinity component evidently requires the utilization of a fermentable substrate by the cells, since inactivation did not occur during carbon starvation, when a fermentable sugar was added to starved cells, inactivation began, when the fermentation inhibitors iodoacetate or arsenate were added in addition to sugars, the inactivation was prevented, when a non-fermentable substrate was added instead of sugars, inactivation was also prevented.
(17) A delay in the rise to the maximum rate of 86Rb release upon stimulation with arsenate is shown to be due to the time required for arsenylation, and from an analysis of the rise and fall of the rate of 86Rb release the rate constants for arsenylation and dearsenylation at pH 7.2 can be estimated; the decay in the rate of 86Rb release when arsenate or phosphate is removed from the solution provides a second method for determination of the dearsenylation rate.
(18) We determined the concentration and chemical status of arsenic in the placentas of hamsters following continuous exposure via the osmotic minipump to minimally and frankly teratogenic doses of arsenate.
(19) The developmental origin of arsenate-induced renal agenesis was investigated.
(20) Cell swelling induced by tetanolysin was much lower with energy-depleted M. gallisepticum cells, with arsenate-treated cells, or when the membrane potential (delta psi) was collapsed by valinomycin (10 microM) plus KCl (100 mM).