(n.) An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to cation.
Example Sentences:
(1) Both SAA and non-SAA enhanced ammonium excretion but only non-SAA enhanced organic anion excretion, an indicator of incomplete oxidation of organic acids.
(2) In the presence of high external Cl, a component of outward current that was inhibited by the anion channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) appeared in 70% of the cells.
(3) Cell viability, ability to generate superoxide anion, and chemotaxis were found to be unaltered both before and after labeling.
(4) Interaction of viable macrophages with cationic particles at 37 degrees C resulted in their "internalization" within vesicles and coated pits and a closer apposition between many segments of plasmalemma than with neutral or anionic substances.
(5) In general, enzyme activity was strongly reduced by heavy metal inorganic cations; less strongly by organometallic cations, some anions, and certain pesticides; and weakly inhibited by light metal cations and organometallic and organic compounds.
(6) The order in which anions supported uptake was Cl- = SCN- greater than F- greater than NO3- = SO2(-4) for beta-alanine, whereas it was SCN- greater than F- = Cl- = NO3- greater than SO2(-4) for L-alpha-alanine.
(7) Moreover, it is the recombinant p70 polypeptides of slowest mobility that coelute with S6 kinase activity on anion-exchange chromatography.
(8) Superoxide anion (O2.-) was photogenerated upon illumination of riboflavin in fluorescent light.
(9) At hypothyroid patients there is an ADP excess which is degenerated to xanthine, the substrate of xanthine oxidase resulting in toxic anion superoxide and UA.
(10) The sigmoidal shape of the curve of rate constant vs mole percent anionic lipid is consistent with a positively cooperative effect of the negative surface charge.
(11) The changes included swelling, blunting, and flattening of epithelial foot processes, were accompanied by decreased stainability of glomerular anionic sites, and were largely reversed by subsequent perfusion with the polyanion heparin.
(12) The granules of human large granular lymphocytes have been reported to contain, in addition to perforin, a soluble HRF activity that can be eluted from anion-exchange columns at 115 mM NaCl.
(13) The channels studied here were more selective for monovalent cations than anions, but also showed some permeability to anions and larger electrolytes, suggesting a large functional pore diameter.
(14) The reduction of cytochrome c was found to be sensitive to both anaerobiosis and superoxide dismutase, suggesting the involvement of superoxide anions with this electron acceptor.
(15) The porins are a class of voltage-dependent, anion-selective, channel-forming proteins located in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM).
(16) In 254 findings of the acid-base balance ions and proteins, the authors evaluated mutual relations between the acid-base balance and calculation from the anion column.
(17) Proceeding from the observation that organic anions bound to albumin have hepatic extraction fractions that are unexpectedly high, we have studied a distributed model that accounts for this phenomenon by invoking sites on the cell surface that catalyze the dissociation of albumin-anion complexes.
(18) 6) The subunits alpha and beta of bovine follitropin were obtained by incubation in acidic urea, the chains being then separated by anion exchange chromatography.
(19) Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
(20) The oxidation of the anion radical intermediate by O2 to the parent nitro compound is proposed to account for the well-known O2 inhibition of microsomal nitroreductase.
Hydroxide
Definition:
(n.) A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.
Example Sentences:
(1) A retrospective study was done in 86 patients on dialysis in order to evaluate the doses of aluminum hydroxide (OH3 Al) received to achieve a better serum phosphate control.
(2) Examination on day 9 and 15 the magaldrate group showed significantly (p less than 0.05) lower aluminium levels than the aluminium hydroxide group.
(3) A model for the binuclear iron center of ribonucleotide reductase is presented in which the hydroxide ligand sites provide an explanation for the half-of-sites reactivity of the enzyme.
(4) The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone reactions to implants of hydroxyapatite, collagen, and calcium hydroxide, alone or in different combinations.
(5) BDF1 mice were immunized with a protein antigen, such as ovalbumin (OA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), absorbed to aluminum hydroxide gel, and their spleen cells were stimulated by homologous antigen for the formation of glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF).
(6) A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantitative determination of azatadine and a base (1 M sodium hydroxide) hydrolyzable conjugate of azatadine in human urine has been developed.
(7) Equivalent neutralising doses of magnesium hydroxide (pH 9-4) did not increase serum gastrin and gastric acid output above basal levels, whereas antral acidification with 20 ml 0-1 N HCl resulted in a slight decrease in serum gastrin.
(8) The monovalent serovar C aluminum-hydroxide-gel vaccine also gave significant protection (94%) against a serovar C challenge.
(9) Phenol sulfotransferase activity is often measured by incubating dopamine with a source of the enzyme and the sulfate donor 35S-3'-phosphoadensine-5'-phosphosulfate and then separating the product, 35S-dopamine sulfate, from the substrates using precipitation with barium hydroxide and zinc sulfate.
(10) 4 The results indicate that co-administration of aluminum hydroxide reduces the bioavailability of oral diflusinal by about 40%.
(11) When examined microscopically with potassium hydroxide, the agents of these disorders resemble those of dermatophytosis, showing narrow, septate, branching hyphae.
(12) The aluminum hydroxide gel precipitated from aluminum chloride can be represented by the formula Al(OH)2.55(Cl)0.45 and probably exists as a polymer of 10 fused six-membered rings.
(13) Methylation of 2-hydroxyestrone was possible after dissolving the compound in methyl iodide-methylene chloride with tetrahexylammonium hydroxide present, before the addition of sodium hydroxide.
(14) The absorption of factor VIII from gel filtration fractions, concentrates and plasma by aluminium hydroxide has been studied.
(15) The non-carcinogens chosen were 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, 3-nitropropionic acid, dichlorvos, 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine, N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine 2HCl, O-anthranilic acid, 4-nitroanthranilic acid, anilazine and triphenyltin hydroxide.
(16) After 8 weeks of treatment either potassium as hydrochloride 1 g twice daily, or a combination of potassium hydrochloride 1 g and magnesium hydroxide 500 mg twice daily was added to the diuretic therapy in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over design.
(17) The antibody responses of animals immunised with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA), diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-dextran) and aluminium hydroxide (alum) were compared with the response to antigen administered in the absence of adjuvants.
(18) Kinetics for the reactions of various cytosine and uracil nucleosides and their alkyl derivatives with aqueous sodium hydroxide have been studied by liquid chromatography.
(19) This derivative is prepared by a sequential alkylation procedure in which the phenolic hydroxyl group of the parent compound is alkylated off-column with heptyl iodide and the amide group is derivatized on-column by reaction with trimethylanilinium hydroxide.
(20) A rapid, mild, and convenient transesterification of triglycerides was obtained using 0.2 N-methanolic (m-trifluoro-methylphenyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide.