(v. t.) To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen.
(v. t.) To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.
Example Sentences:
(1) Single-stranded circles did not form if a limited number of nucleotides were removed from the 3' ends of native molecules by Escherichia coli exonuclease III digestion prior to denaturation and annealing.
(2) Single-stranded linear DNAs were prepared by separating strands of duplex molecules or by cleaving single-stranded circles at a unique restriction site created by annealing a short defined oligonucleotide to the circle.
(3) Optimum specific amplification resulted when the primer annealing temperature was 60 degrees C. The gene fragment was amplifiable in 25 different Brucella species and strains.
(4) The solution conformation of an antibacterial protein sapecin has been determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dynamical simulated annealing calculations.
(5) The UV sensitivity was found to increase with increasing preliminary gamma exposure above 10(-2)Ckg-1 (after a post-irradiation anneal at 300 degrees C for 1 h).
(6) The addition of Mg2+ to the dialyzing solution resulted in the formation of short intermediate-sized filaments even at 4 degrees C. Further dialysis of the short intermediate-sized filaments against reassembly solution containing both NaCl and MgCl2 at 37 degrees C failed to elongate them into longer filaments, suggesting that annealing does not contribute to the elongation of neurofilaments.
(7) The crystal structure of the complex between neuraminidase from influenza virus (subtype N9 and isolated from an avian source) and the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of monoclonal antibody NC41 has been refined by both least-squares and simulated annealing methods to an R-factor of 0.191 using 31,846 diffraction data in the resolution range 8.0 to 2.5 A.
(8) The transcript, analyzed by DNA-RNA hybridization, shows two major kinetic components: 40% of the transcript is copied by repetitive sequences present 100 times per haploid genome; another 25% anneals to DNA with a rate constant Kh 10-4 M - S-1, typical of single-copy sequences.
(9) Furthermore, globin mRNA has a 3'-terminal sequence of adenylic acid residues that make it particularly suitable as a template, since oligo(dT) can be annealed to a specific site on the mRNA.
(10) The thermal cycle sequencing procedures are advantageous because they allow fast and simple semiautomation of the sequencing reaction; make possible the direct DNA sequencing of PCR products, bacterial colonies and phage plaques; require only femtomoles of template DNA; eliminate the requirement of an independent primer annealing step; remove the requirement of denatured plasmids for sequencing double-stranded templates; and use a highly thermostable DNA polymerase for sequencing through potential recalcitrant secondary structure domains and large linear double-stranded DNA templates such as lambda derivatives.
(11) When 18 to 19S and 12 to 15S viral RNAs purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation were similarly analyzed, late RNA inhibited hybridization of 18 to 19S RNA 50%, and the annealing of 12 to 15S RNA was inhibited 70%.
(12) Partial degradation of these DNA molecules by exonuclease III predisposes some of them to form circles upon annealing, but indicating they are terminally redundant.
(13) The procedures are only intermediate phases and are without any significant role, since the end-result is, after annealing and polishing, as expected.
(14) The results indicate that the relaxed circles consist of a population containing one interruption in either of the two strands of the duplex jointly representing the two "nicks" contained in Hershey circles (in which the cohesive ends are annealed).
(15) The method is based on the priming of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by an oligonucleotide complementary to the DNA sequence containing the mutation of interest, which anneals only to the perfectly matched sequence under high stringency conditions.
(16) Molecular probes from the gp150 locus annealed with a 4.0-kb polyadenylated RNA transcript derived from human myeloid cell lines and from tertiary mouse cell transformants.
(17) spectra at various annealing stages from alpha- and beta-D-glucose together with 6,6-d2-D-glucose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, glucose-1-phosphate, D-xylose, D-allose and D-mannose indicates radical formation at all possible carbon sites with a strong preference for C1 and a somewhat enhanced contribution of C4 over the statistical expectation.
(18) After gel electrophoresis and blotting the amplification product is identified by hybridization with a third oligonucleotide recognizing the region between the two primer annealing sites, and by restriction mapping.
(19) In this article we experimentally determine the optimal annealing temperature (TaOPT) values for several primer-template pairs and develop a method for its calculation.
(20) Use of the sequence annealing in the calorimetric measurement allows to decompose the total thermogram of rod into four elementary bands with maxima at 42, 46.5, 50 and 57 degrees C. Fluorescence changes occur at temperatures which coincide with the first, second and fourth calorimetric peaks.