(1) This work extends the finding of proctolin-like substances to the annelid phylum.
(2) The microsporidia are a group of unusual, obligately parasitic protists that infect a great variety of other eukaryotes, including vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, annelids, nematodes, cnidaria and even various ciliates, myxosporidia and gregarines.
(3) These annelids which destroy the larval stages of Fasciola hepatica have been observed in the laboratory.
(4) These include insects, chelicerates, most crustaceans, annelids, priapulids, nematodes, and some sipunculids.
(5) Such a pattern of subunit aggregation has not been observed previously in annelid extracellular hemoglobins and chlorocruorins.
(6) This characteristic distribution of the various neuron subgroups and fiber pathways may represent functional circuits within the nervous system of this annelid.
(7) The emonctory structures, functions and stereotype and their component parts are studied in protists, spongia, coelenterata and coelomata: lower worms, annelids, their hyponeurian descendents (arthropods, molluses) and epineurian descedents echinoderms and protochordates (Stomochordata, Tunicata, Cephalochordata).
(8) Only the position of the mitochondria, inserted between nucelus and axoneme, is reminiscent of annelid features.
(9) The amino acid sequences of the two variants (H1a 121 residues and H1b 119 residues) of the sperm-specific histone H1 from the polychaete annelid Platynereis dumerilii have been completely established.
(10) Biochemical assays of adenylate cyclase activity were performed during the early phases of regeneration in Owenia fusiformis (Polychaete Annelid).
(11) The pattern and degree of accumulation was essentially complete within 2 years after the initial operation of the power plant, and persisted throughout the remainder of the study: fishes greater than insects greater than annelids greater than molluscs greater than crustaceans greater than plankton greater than periphyton.
(12) In this paper we described a third type of repeat isolated from the genome of a Polychaete annelid: Owenia fusiformis.
(13) A hypothesis is proposed in order to explain the differences observed between biochemical and present results, which suggest, for the hardening of cements a different chemical mechanism to that suggested by Vovelle in annelid Sabellaria alveolata.
(14) Experiments were conducted to assess the relationship between annelid age and susceptibility of the annelid as an intermediate host for a caryophyllaeid, as well as the effect a mixed-species infection has on rate of metacestode development and parasite mortality.
(15) We conclude that all annelid extracellular haemoglobins and chlorocruorins which have the same dimensions as Lumbricus haemoglobin probably have the same mol.
(16) ht-en protein, an annelid homolog of the Drosophila engrailed protein, is expressed during both early development and neurogenesis in embryos of the leech, Helobdella triserialis.
(17) Dialyzed extracts of one of these annelids, Lanice conchilega, show activity in the retentate after pronase digestion, suggesting that antitumor activity is associated with a nonprotein component of the crude tentacle extract.
(18) The sequences of nine chains of annelid giant hemoglobins were compared separately in the functionally essential central exonic region and structurally essential side exonic regions, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.
(19) In embryos of the glossiphoniid leech, Helobdella triserialis, as in many annelids, cytoplasmic reorganization prior to first cleavage generates distinct animal and vegetal domains of yolk-deficient cytoplasm, called teloplasm.
(20) A marked increase in the abundance of the annelid Polydora ligni in aquariums containing sand and flowing estuarine water was altered in the presence of the carbamate insecticide Sevin (carbaryl).
Annelida
Definition:
(n. pl.) A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Chaetopoda, including the Oligochaeta or earthworms and Polychaeta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Chaetopoda.
Example Sentences:
(1) Total mRNA were extracted from brain of Nereis diversicolor (Annelida, Polychaeta) and were translated in vitro or in ovo.
(2) The determination of the first 33 amino acids of the Cd-binding-protein (MP II) of Nereis diversicolor (Annelida, Polychaeta) shows a homology of 79 and 61% with 2 respiratory proteins of sipunculids, respectively the myohemerythrin and the hemerythrin.
(3) EACH MUSCLE OF THE SYLLID (ANNELIDA: Polychaeta) proventriculus, the region of the gut posterior to the pharynx, contains a single zigzagging Z band, flanked on each side by a sequence of I-A-H-A-I bands defined by thick (60-90 nm) and thin (5 nm) filaments.
(4) Correlation between sperm morphology and fertilization biology in the Annelida is revised.
(5) The possible functions of the cuticle among the Annelida are discussed.
(6) In the central nervous system of some species of several invertebrate phyla, including land planarians (Platyhelminthes), ribbon worms (Nemertina), slugs (Mollusca), polychaetes, earthworms and leeches (Annelida), pill bugs (Arthropoda), and beard worms (Pogonophora), salmon calcitonin-immunoreactive cells and rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive cells were found by immunohistochemistry.
(7) Furthermore, the maximum parsimony tree, in contrast to the unweighted pair group and distance Wagner trees, was consistent with the available fossil record and supported the hypotheses that the primitive hemoglobin of metazoans was monomeric and that the multisubunit extracellular hemoglobins found among the Annelida and the Arthropoda represent independently derived states.
(8) Creatine was found in tissues of all vertebrates examined, and in various invertebrates from phyla Annelida, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and Chordata, subphylum Cephalochordata.
(9) The activities of glycogen phosphorylases a and b from the body wall musculature of the marine worm Arenicola marina (Annelida, Polychaeta) were determined after various periods of anoxia.
(10) These analyses indicate that (i) the Metazoa is a monophyletic taxon; (ii) the Deuterostomia is a monophyletic taxon; (iii) the Annelida-Mollusca lineage is the sister group of an arthropod subgroup; and (iv) the last common ancestor of the Annelida-Mollusca lineage is most parsimoniously derived from a segmented, hemocoelic ancestor with an open circulatory system.
(11) Total mRNA, extracted from brain of the marine worm, Nereis diversicolor (Annelida, Polychaeta), was translated either in vitro using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate or in ovo (Xenopus laevis oocyte).
(12) The stomodeal cuticle, the thickness of which is as variable as that of the epithelium, presents two layers of fibrils comparable to the collagen fibrils described in the cuticle of other Annelida, as well as a relatively diversified supramicrovillous coating.
(13) The tree clearly showed that Lamellibrachia chain AIII belongs to the family of strain A of annelid giant haemoglobins, and that the two classes of Annelida, polychaete and oligochaete, and the vestimentiferan tube worm diverged at almost the same time.
(14) The epidermis of Paralvinella grasslei (Polychaete, Annelida) is covered by an extracellular matrix, the cuticle, mainly composed as in other annelids of superimposed layers of non-striated collagen fibrils.
(15) The nexuses have been demonstrated by freeze-cleavage to be A-type neuxuses, thus demonstrating for the first time the type of nexus present in the Annelida.
(16) One or both of the two structural forms that exist, hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) and lysyl pyridinoline (LP), was found in organisms from the following phyla: coelenterata, Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca and Arthropoda.
(17) Among the invertebrate sequences, 7 represented the phylum Annelida, 13 represented Insecta and Crustacea of the phylum Arthropoda, and 6 represented the phylum Mollusca.
(18) Only two phyla, Mollusca and Annelida, are represented in such studies.
(19) Glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) from the body wall of the lugworm Arenicola marina (Annelida, Polychaeta) probably exists as a phospho-dephospho hybrid (GPase ab).
(20) The Annelida also show differentiation of leukocytes that resemble granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes, and cell-mediated immunity that persists throughout later evolution.