What's the difference between annular and retinaculum?
Annular
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped; as, annular fibers.
(a.) Banded or marked with circles.
Example Sentences:
(1) Linear and annular gap junctions between neighbouring cells were present, particularly in Group 1.
(2) Sterile, pruritic papules and papulopustules that formed annular rings developed on the back of a 58-year-old woman.
(3) The dual-probe system incorporates a central collimated probe for monitoring activity in the LV surrounded by an annular detector collimated in such a manner as to provide simultaneous real-time monitoring of the LV background activity.
(4) The skin lesions resembled disseminated subacute lupus erythematosus on clinical examination, but actinic granuloma or annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma was seen in biopsy specimens of the lesions.
(5) Little anatomic information is available on the annular myocardium.
(6) Immunohistochemical studies support earlier reports of a rich nerve supply to the posterior longitudinal ligament, a less developed innervation of the anterior ligament and the outermost annular ring, and a total lack of innervation in deeper parts of the intervertebral disc.
(7) The case of a Black African patient with an annular subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm of unknown origin is described, and the pathological findings in this condition together with a review of the literature is presented.
(8) The lesions were annular or serpiginous and their surface was livid-red to pale-red.
(9) Although commonly subacute in presentation, complications of endocarditis were frequent: arterial emboli in five patients, new electrocardiographic conduction system abnormalities in nine, congestive heart failure in eight, annular or myocardial abscesses in five, and disruption of valve leaflets in three.
(10) Thirteen patients with localized granuloma annulare and 19 with the generalized form of the disease were typed for HLA antigens.
(11) There was a continuous relation between the incidence of stroke and the severity of mitral annular calcification; each millimeter of thickening as shown on the echocardiogram represented a relative risk of stroke of 1.24 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.37; P less than 0.001).
(12) Previous studies have shown that systolic annular nonplanarity can cause apparent prolapse in the four chamber view without actual leaflet displacement above the most superior points of the anulus, and there is evidence for such nonplanarity in vivo.
(13) The prevalence of aortic and mitral regurgitation as well as valvular and annular calcification did not differ between analyzed groups.
(14) Histologically, elastic tissue is destroyed by the granulomatous process in actinic granuloma, but not in granuloma annulare.
(15) The data on DPH anisotropy, pyrene excimerization and induction resonance energy transfer (IRET) from PM proteins to pyrene provided the evidence for age-dependent decrease in PM lipid phase fluidity inclusive of that of annular lipid.
(16) Specimens of the seawater fish annular seabream (Diplodus annularis) were caught from a polluted harbor area and from a clean reference area.
(17) A total of 54 patients with tick-borne annular erythema (TAE) were investigated.
(18) Mitral valve replacement and reconstruction of the interatrial septum were necessary because the tumor originated from the left atrial side of the interatrial septum and invaded the anterior mitral valve leaflet and around the annular area.
(19) (1) Annular stimulation of rods slightly facilitated rod-mediated flicker sensitivity to frequencies less than 10 Hz.
(20) After quench freezing, 1-2 mum thick sections of mouse liver were cut at 193 degrees K and picked up on a specially designed annular specimen holder covered with an aluminium coated nylon film.
Retinaculum
Definition:
(n.) A connecting band; a fraenum; as, the retinacula of the ileocaecal and ileocolic valves.
(n.) One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle.
(n.) One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.
(n.) A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants.
Example Sentences:
(1) The operation revealed a necrotic focus of the patellar tendon in 21 cases, the retinaculum was thick and adherent in 16 patients and an exostosis of the patellar insertion was seen in two cases.
(2) Type I depends basically on malformation of the skin and retinaculum cutis.
(3) The diagnostic criteria of median nerve compression (carpal tunnel syndrome) include morphological and signal changes in the nerve, abnormal palmar convexity of the flexor retinaculum and signs of tenosynovitis of the intracarpal flexor tendons.
(4) We consider them to be bony origins of ligaments: at the sciatic tuber--the bony origin of the sacrotuberal ligament, at the distal fibula--the bony origin of the peroneal compartment of the retinaculum mm extensorum inferius.
(5) Division of the retinaculum flexorum leads to free tendon movement and prevents further tendon degeneration.
(6) It is concluded that: 1) a chronic painful anterior lower leg syndrome should be suspected in patients with pain on walking and at rest located in the ventral part of the lower leg; 2) intracompartmental pressure measurements seem to be of little preoperative diagnostic value in non-selected patients; 3) blind diathermic fasciotomy of the anterior, medial compartment of the lower leg, including the extensor retinaculum, gives relief from pain and paresis in most patients with a typical history.
(7) Restoring stability to the ulna as well as reconstructing a new sheath for the extensor carpi ulnaris can be accomplished in most cases by using the extensor retinaculum.
(8) To arrive at on-target therapy directed etiologically at the root cause of the disease, it will be necessary to differentiate them from one another: insertion tendopathies of the achilles tendon; metabolic diseases; arthritis and chondropathic disease of the ankle joint; hallux rigidus --rotation anomalies; tibia vara; os trigonum impingement syndrome --tendovaginitis of the flexor tendon at the retinaculum flexorum; stress fractures (calcaneus, fibula, tibia) Diagnosis is assisted, besides a detailed and exact clinical examination and an inspection of the sports shoes worn by the patient, by a biomechanical analysis of the running behaviour, an x-ray of the ankle joint, sonographic examination and clarification with the help of laboratory examinations, i.e.
(9) Principal elements of this technique are an improvement of the bony containment of the tendons within the shallowed, malleolar sulcus and the use of the outer layer of the dislocation pouch as superior retinaculum.
(10) In this case, accurate occupational history and reconstruction of work procedure revealed that the cause was direct external pressure bilaterally at the wrist on the flexor retinaculum with the underlying median nerve.
(11) However, in practice, MRI is only useful when there is disagreement between the clinical and EMG findings and in postoperative recurrences, in which case it may reveal insufficient section of the retinaculum or the presence of exuberant postoperative fibrosis responsible for persistent nerve compression.
(12) The symptoms in one case were partially relieved by ligation of the radial artery distal to the fistula, and in both they were abolished by decompression of the median nerve by section of the flexor retinaculum at the wrist.
(13) A contributing factor generally not recognized initially is a volarly displaced fragment of distal radius compressing the median nerve against the proximal edge of the flexor retinaculum.
(14) Choice of a surgical procedure depends upon the anatomy of the peroneal groove and the retinaculum, and the nature of the damage to the area.
(15) Histological investigation of the resected lateral retinaculum suggested that pain originated in the lateral retinaculum in many patients, and that degenerative changes in the nerves of the lateral retinaculum may be an important cause of pain in patients with patellofemoral disorders.
(16) Substance-P fibers were isolated in the retinaculum, fat pad, periosteum, and subchondral plate of patellae affected with degenerative disease.
(17) With flexion, the tendons shifted anteriorly toward the retinaculum, and the median nerve was found in one of three positions.
(18) In these patients the flexor retinaculum was split and resected.
(19) It innervates the flexor retinaculum and the skin of the heel pad.
(20) The carpal tunnel syndrome is described as a compression of the N. medianus under the retinaculum flexorum with the causes for this syndrome being of the most varied nature.