(n.) One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent.
(n.) A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it.
(n.) A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.
(a.) Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of philosophy.
Example Sentences:
(1) This death is also dependent on the presence of chloride and is prevented with the non-selective EAA antagonist, kynurenic acid, but is not prevented by QA.
(2) Microionophoretically applied excitatory amino acids induced firing of extracellularly recorded single units in a tissue slice preparation of the mouse cochlear nucleus, and the similarly applied antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (2APV) was demonstrated to be a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.
(3) Meanwhile the efficiency of muscarinic antagonists in inhibition of tremor reaction induced by arecoline administration is associated with interaction between the drugs and the M2-subtype.
(4) The anticonvulsant properties of the endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid (KYA), were studied in prepubescent and adult rats using the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy.
(5) A novel bicyclic prostaglandin analogue, (1S)-[1 alpha,2 alpha(Z),3 alpha,4 alpha]-7-[3-[(hexylthio)methyl]-7- oxabicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid ((-)-10), and its cogeners were found to be potent antagonists at the TxA2 receptor.
(6) This difference was abolished by exposure of the slices to propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
(7) The TxA2 antagonistic effects of KW-3635 were compared with that of daltroban in PRP from various animals species.
(8) In experiments performed to determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis induced by TRH may have been caused by the elevation of [Ca2+]i, the following results were obtained: the effect of TRH to decrease the level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not reproduced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by membrane depolarization with 50 mM K+; the calcium antagonist TMB-8 did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2; and, most importantly, inhibition by EGTA of the elevation of [Ca2+]i did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2.
(9) Similarly, 50 microM D-600, a Ca+2 channel antagonist, significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced basal and 5-HETE-induced PRL release.
(10) Selective removal of endothelium had no effect on BK-induced contraction or the action of the antagonists.
(11) The second experiments entailed use of the nonspecific opiate antagonist, naloxone, as well as the specific delta antagonist, ICI 154,129, against seizures induced by icv-administered morphine, morphiceptin, DADL, or DSLET.
(12) These antagonists reverse NMDA-mediated long term influence in these brain areas.
(13) This novel mechanism of receptor regulation, named transmodulation, should be distinguished from the reduction in total receptor number caused by the homologous ligand (downregulation) and from the change in affinity produced by the binding of agonists or antagonists to the same receptor site.
(14) Furthermore, the ability of a vasopressin antagonist to lower arterial pressure in NTS hypertensive rats was markedly attenuated by clonidine treatment.
(15) All of the serotonergic antagonists studied had additional effects on the response of the coronary artery to electrical stimulation or to norepinephrine.
(16) Their receptive fields comprise a temporally and spatially linear mechanism (center plus antagonistic surround) that responds to relatively low spatial frequency stimuli, and a temporally nonlinear mechanism, coextensive with the linear mechanism, that--though broad in extent--responds best to high spatial-frequency stimuli.
(17) The effects of low doses of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists nimodipine, nifedipine, (-)-R-202-791, and amlodipine, the DHP calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 were investigated on clonic convulsions to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice.
(18) Addition in the cultures of 4-deoxypyridoxine, a potent antagonist of vitamin B6 coenzymes, concurrently with the mitogen, inhibits the induction of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
(19) These results suggest that prevention of xenograft rejection using PAF-antagonist in association with other methods should be further investigated.
(20) The high concentrations of gonadotropins present in immature female rats by the end of the second week of life were suppressed by treatment with an antagonist against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A; Org.
Enemy
Definition:
(n.) One hostile to another; one who hates, and desires or attempts the injury of, another; a foe; an adversary; as, an enemy of or to a person; an enemy to truth, or to falsehood.
(a.) Hostile; inimical.
Example Sentences:
(1) Mendl's candy colours contrast sharply with the gothic garb of our hero's enemies and the greys of the prison uniforms – as well as scenes showing the hotel later, in the 1960s, its opulence lost beneath a drab communist refurb.
(2) However the imagery is more complex, because scholars believe it also relates to another cherished pre-Raphaelite Arthurian legend, Sir Degrevaunt who married his mortal enemy's daughter.
(3) That the BBC has probably not been as vulnerable since the 1980s is also true – not least because the enemies of impartiality are more powerful, and the BBC's competitors (maimed after a year's exposure of their own behaviour in the Leveson inquiry ) are keen to wreck it.
(4) To do so degrades the language of war and aids the terrorist enemy.
(5) An obsessional artist who was an enemy of all institutions, cinematic as well as social, and whose principal theme was intolerance, he invariably gets delivered to us today by institutions - most recently the National Film Theatre, which starts a Dreyer retrospective this month - that can't always be counted on to represent him in all his complexity.
(6) I’m perfectly aware of the import of your question, and what we have done, very firmly for all sorts of good reasons, since September 2013, is not comment on operational matters because every time we comment on operational matters we give information to our enemies,” he said.
(7) And according to Tory insiders, Shapps had lobbied hard for a more prominent role in the government, making some enemies within the party.
(8) Activists, who claim they are the enemies of patriarchy, dismiss allegations of sexual abuse as a CIA conspiracy.
(9) As extreme forms the two polarized radicals who now fanatically stylize the other as the enemy, will fight to the death their own denied opposite side psychodynamically.
(10) "I wanted to direct the first production [Ibsen's An Enemy of the People ] and then spend a year being the artistic director."
(11) Around the same time Kadyrov said Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the former oligarch who became an opponent of Putin and now resides in Switzerland after spending a decade in prison, was now his “personal enemy”.
(12) But while France has plainly moved on from the days when François Hollande could say his true enemy was “the world of finance”, major players remain wary of the country’s rigid employment laws .
(13) "Our common sense is often our worst enemy," said Marcus du Sautoy , the Oxford maths professor who will be appearing in the Barbican season.
(14) Rebels moved unchallenged along a road littered with evidence of the air campaign and the speed of their enemies' retreat.
(15) Al-Shamiri has been held as an enemy combatant without charge at Guantánamo since 2002.
(16) The insurgency is still raging, and the president will have to inspire the security forces, choose generals to lead the fight, and plot tactics to beat a tenacious and experienced enemy.
(17) The interview, broadcast Sunday, was taped not long after the president tweeted on Friday night that he considered the media “the enemy of the American people”.
(18) And yet for all his anti-establishment credentials, Mr Galloway is as practised as any of his New Labour enemies at squirming away from awkward questions.
(19) According to Kadyrov’s multiple outlandish, sometimes confused, statements the enemies aren’t just at the gates, but have entered the castle and are conspiring to take the country down.
(20) So new newspaper enemies turn against the BBC, thrashing around for someone to blame for the danger newspapers are in.