(n.) One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent.
(n.) A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it.
(n.) A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.
(a.) Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of philosophy.
Example Sentences:
(1) This death is also dependent on the presence of chloride and is prevented with the non-selective EAA antagonist, kynurenic acid, but is not prevented by QA.
(2) Microionophoretically applied excitatory amino acids induced firing of extracellularly recorded single units in a tissue slice preparation of the mouse cochlear nucleus, and the similarly applied antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (2APV) was demonstrated to be a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.
(3) Meanwhile the efficiency of muscarinic antagonists in inhibition of tremor reaction induced by arecoline administration is associated with interaction between the drugs and the M2-subtype.
(4) The anticonvulsant properties of the endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid (KYA), were studied in prepubescent and adult rats using the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy.
(5) A novel bicyclic prostaglandin analogue, (1S)-[1 alpha,2 alpha(Z),3 alpha,4 alpha]-7-[3-[(hexylthio)methyl]-7- oxabicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid ((-)-10), and its cogeners were found to be potent antagonists at the TxA2 receptor.
(6) This difference was abolished by exposure of the slices to propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
(7) The TxA2 antagonistic effects of KW-3635 were compared with that of daltroban in PRP from various animals species.
(8) In experiments performed to determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis induced by TRH may have been caused by the elevation of [Ca2+]i, the following results were obtained: the effect of TRH to decrease the level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not reproduced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by membrane depolarization with 50 mM K+; the calcium antagonist TMB-8 did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2; and, most importantly, inhibition by EGTA of the elevation of [Ca2+]i did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2.
(9) Similarly, 50 microM D-600, a Ca+2 channel antagonist, significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced basal and 5-HETE-induced PRL release.
(10) Selective removal of endothelium had no effect on BK-induced contraction or the action of the antagonists.
(11) The second experiments entailed use of the nonspecific opiate antagonist, naloxone, as well as the specific delta antagonist, ICI 154,129, against seizures induced by icv-administered morphine, morphiceptin, DADL, or DSLET.
(12) These antagonists reverse NMDA-mediated long term influence in these brain areas.
(13) This novel mechanism of receptor regulation, named transmodulation, should be distinguished from the reduction in total receptor number caused by the homologous ligand (downregulation) and from the change in affinity produced by the binding of agonists or antagonists to the same receptor site.
(14) Furthermore, the ability of a vasopressin antagonist to lower arterial pressure in NTS hypertensive rats was markedly attenuated by clonidine treatment.
(15) All of the serotonergic antagonists studied had additional effects on the response of the coronary artery to electrical stimulation or to norepinephrine.
(16) Their receptive fields comprise a temporally and spatially linear mechanism (center plus antagonistic surround) that responds to relatively low spatial frequency stimuli, and a temporally nonlinear mechanism, coextensive with the linear mechanism, that--though broad in extent--responds best to high spatial-frequency stimuli.
(17) The effects of low doses of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists nimodipine, nifedipine, (-)-R-202-791, and amlodipine, the DHP calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 were investigated on clonic convulsions to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice.
(18) Addition in the cultures of 4-deoxypyridoxine, a potent antagonist of vitamin B6 coenzymes, concurrently with the mitogen, inhibits the induction of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
(19) These results suggest that prevention of xenograft rejection using PAF-antagonist in association with other methods should be further investigated.
(20) The high concentrations of gonadotropins present in immature female rats by the end of the second week of life were suppressed by treatment with an antagonist against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A; Org.
Villain
Definition:
(n.) One who holds lands by a base, or servile, tenure, or in villenage; a feudal tenant of the lowest class, a bondman or servant.
(n.) A baseborn or clownish person; a boor.
(n.) A vile, wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes; a deliberate scoundrel; a knave; a rascal; a scamp.
(a.) Villainous.
(v. t.) To debase; to degrade.
Example Sentences:
(1) But I know the full story and it’s a bit different from what people see.” The full story is heavy on the extremes of emotion and as the man who took a stricken but much-loved club away from its community, Winkelman knows that his part is that of villain; the war of words will rumble on.
(2) They’re not moustache-twirling villains that are going, “ah ha ha that’s great”, they’re going: “You’re right.
(3) Society needs a villain and right now we’re convenient.” “ I will carefully admit there has been an awful lot of almonds planted that maybe shouldn’t have been because outside money came in and wanted to plant,” he says.
(4) Reith, “his dour handsome face scarred like that of a villain in a melodrama”, was “a strange shepherd for such a mixed, bohemian flock … he had under his aegis a bevy of ex-soldiers, ex-actors, ex-adventurers which … even a Dartmoor prison governor might have had difficulty in controlling”.
(5) The success of Capote paved the way for bigger and more nuanced parts for Hoffman, his turn as the villain in Mission: Impossible III (2006) notwithstanding.
(6) Maleficent, Disney's latest film out on 28 May, offers the untold back story of the villain from the 1959 animated classic Sleeping Beauty, with Jolie in the title role.
(7) When I was nine or 10 I leapt directly from Doctor Dolittle to Dr No, leaving behind all those stupid talking animals and free-falling into a far naughtier realm of suavely promiscuous government assassins, hot shell-diving beauties and villains with metal hands and messianic plans for humanity.
(8) And that’s what we do in drama and comedy: we create our own heroes and villains, so no one really gets hurt.
(9) You're a devious villain conducting the perfect crime, like the dashing guest star in the opening scene of a classic Columbo.
(10) These villains have limited aspirations, and the man in the white hat has a limited arsenal of era-appropriate weaponry: a gun, a bow and arrow, a few grenades, maybe even a tank.
(11) The people shaping the news require a very simple story – they have to be angels and villains.” John Stoltenberg is a gay-rights activist who lived with the feminist writer Andrea Dworkin until her death in 2005.
(12) We are not the villains you paint us on your trollblogs.
(13) For the real villain – look behind Obama, to the Republican party.
(14) It is, according to environmentalist and MP Zac Goldsmith, the most dramatic turnaround of any global green villain ever seen and an encouraging sign that huge environmental challenges can be tackled.
(15) As Paltrow explains: “So-called pro-life measures are being used in ways that not only violate women’s reproductive rights, but create the basis for depriving them of their constitutional personhood and human rights.” While it may be easy to cast women who drink in pregnancy as villains, criminalising them does no one any favours, save for those with a broader anti-women agenda.
(16) Fleming was intrigued by Engelhard's extravagant lifestyle and when he wrote Goldfinger , published in 1959, he based its eponymous villain on him.
(17) In the Kenzie and Gennaro series, like all good detective fiction, the city is as sharp and unpredictable as the villains themselves.
(18) Why swapping heroes for heroines is a Top Dollar idea Read more The potential gender-swap casting comes after Britain’s Andrea Riseborough was named earlier this month as a frontrunner to play the villain Top Dollar in a high-profile upcoming remake of cult comic book movie The Crow.
(19) Mohammed al-Sabban Senior economic adviser, Saudi Arabia Moustachioed high-up in his country's ministry of petroleum and mineral resources, leader of the Saudi Arabian negotiating team, and a reasonable bet for Copenhagen's most likely villain.
(20) For one thing, villains always believe they are exceptional.