(1) This death is also dependent on the presence of chloride and is prevented with the non-selective EAA antagonist, kynurenic acid, but is not prevented by QA.
(2) Microionophoretically applied excitatory amino acids induced firing of extracellularly recorded single units in a tissue slice preparation of the mouse cochlear nucleus, and the similarly applied antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (2APV) was demonstrated to be a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.
(3) Meanwhile the efficiency of muscarinic antagonists in inhibition of tremor reaction induced by arecoline administration is associated with interaction between the drugs and the M2-subtype.
(4) The anticonvulsant properties of the endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid (KYA), were studied in prepubescent and adult rats using the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy.
(5) A novel bicyclic prostaglandin analogue, (1S)-[1 alpha,2 alpha(Z),3 alpha,4 alpha]-7-[3-[(hexylthio)methyl]-7- oxabicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid ((-)-10), and its cogeners were found to be potent antagonists at the TxA2 receptor.
(6) This difference was abolished by exposure of the slices to propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
(7) The TxA2 antagonistic effects of KW-3635 were compared with that of daltroban in PRP from various animals species.
(8) In experiments performed to determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis induced by TRH may have been caused by the elevation of [Ca2+]i, the following results were obtained: the effect of TRH to decrease the level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not reproduced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by membrane depolarization with 50 mM K+; the calcium antagonist TMB-8 did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2; and, most importantly, inhibition by EGTA of the elevation of [Ca2+]i did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2.
(9) Similarly, 50 microM D-600, a Ca+2 channel antagonist, significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced basal and 5-HETE-induced PRL release.
(10) Selective removal of endothelium had no effect on BK-induced contraction or the action of the antagonists.
(11) The second experiments entailed use of the nonspecific opiate antagonist, naloxone, as well as the specific delta antagonist, ICI 154,129, against seizures induced by icv-administered morphine, morphiceptin, DADL, or DSLET.
(12) These antagonists reverse NMDA-mediated long term influence in these brain areas.
(13) This novel mechanism of receptor regulation, named transmodulation, should be distinguished from the reduction in total receptor number caused by the homologous ligand (downregulation) and from the change in affinity produced by the binding of agonists or antagonists to the same receptor site.
(14) Furthermore, the ability of a vasopressin antagonist to lower arterial pressure in NTS hypertensive rats was markedly attenuated by clonidine treatment.
(15) All of the serotonergic antagonists studied had additional effects on the response of the coronary artery to electrical stimulation or to norepinephrine.
(16) Their receptive fields comprise a temporally and spatially linear mechanism (center plus antagonistic surround) that responds to relatively low spatial frequency stimuli, and a temporally nonlinear mechanism, coextensive with the linear mechanism, that--though broad in extent--responds best to high spatial-frequency stimuli.
(17) The effects of low doses of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists nimodipine, nifedipine, (-)-R-202-791, and amlodipine, the DHP calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 were investigated on clonic convulsions to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice.
(18) Addition in the cultures of 4-deoxypyridoxine, a potent antagonist of vitamin B6 coenzymes, concurrently with the mitogen, inhibits the induction of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
(19) These results suggest that prevention of xenograft rejection using PAF-antagonist in association with other methods should be further investigated.
(20) The high concentrations of gonadotropins present in immature female rats by the end of the second week of life were suppressed by treatment with an antagonist against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A; Org.
Dualism
Definition:
(n.) State of being dual or twofold; a twofold division; any system which is founded on a double principle, or a twofold distinction
(n.) A view of man as constituted of two original and independent elements, as matter and spirit.
(n.) A system which accepts two gods, or two original principles, one good and the other evil.
(n.) The doctrine that all mankind are divided by the arbitrary decree of God, and in his eternal foreknowledge, into two classes, the elect and the reprobate.
(n.) The theory that each cerebral hemisphere acts independently of the other.
Example Sentences:
(1) In classical psychosomatics dualism in medicine is kept alive by considering only so-called "psychosomatic diseases".
(2) Modern physics has put in question the validity of its own metaphysical basis, namely the belief in Natural Law, and modern biology has been unable to come to terms with the Cartesian dualism of body and soul.
(3) The authors report a case in which a social policy formulation based on such diagnostic dualism resulted in the denial of health-related facility placement to a patient.
(4) This dualism also led to "enlightenment" and to many later social and philosophical developments.
(5) They deal with Purkinje cells from a special aspect with the aim to demonstrate the dualism through various staining methods.
(6) The work is the first attempt to study nuclear dualism of ciliates with ultraviolet microbeam (UV-beam), which was not applied earlier for these purposes.
(7) He refused to place human experience outside nature, or admit dualism.
(8) Cartesian dualism has become untenable in view of recent neuropsychology but it still obstructs our management of functional patients.
(9) When studying lipolysis no signs of competitive dualism could be observed in the interaction between MO and DYA.
(10) This dualism of enzyme activity favours the conversion of testosterone to DHT in the stroma while androgens of adrenal origin are metabolized mainly in BPH epithelium.
(11) In reconstructing the gastrointestinal tract the dualism of residual acid and postresectional reflux must be taken into account.
(12) The first dualism is love vs. hunger; the drives are either sexual or autoconservative.
(13) Already at the beginning of this century a dualism of neural and endocrine regulation of the gastrointestinal tract was apparent.
(14) 2 This dualism in the action of atropine is explained by an action on different muscarinic receptor sub-types, i.e.
(15) We do not believe that distinctions are representation of dualism: according to the model proposed by the Second Cybernetics, the distinctions are considered as different sides, that is, an overlap of levels in which one term derives from the other.
(16) The paper presented here is a contribution to the debate on the methodological dualism of hermeneutical and nomothetical procedures in psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic research.
(17) The moral-philosophical counterpart to the antagonism: positivism versus hermeneutics is found in the dualism: determinism versus indeterminism.
(18) The simulated evolution exhibits a strong dualism: at the same level of reproductive errors, sexual reproduction provides significantly better local adaptation and asexual reproduction provides significantly better adaptive dynamics.
(19) This view of the subject resembles that implied by ancient theories of goodness, and in later sections of the paper it is shown how Aristotle points us towards a coherent theory of human nature as psycho-physical, which overcomes the inadequacies of dualism and physicalist reductionism.
(20) When the academy started in the 1850s, there was always a kind of dualism at work.