What's the difference between anterograde and retrograde?
Anterograde
Definition:
Example Sentences:
Retrograde
Definition:
(a.) Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet.
(a.) Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; as, a retrograde motion; -- opposed to progressive.
(a.) Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people; retrograde ideas, morals, etc.
(v. i.) To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a planet.
(v. i.) Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals or intelligence.
Example Sentences:
(1) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to demonstrate any bile ducts in the right postero-lateral segments of the liver, the "naked segment sign".
(2) Nonetheless, anatomical continuity was restored at the site of injury, axons projected across this region, and rostral spinal and brainstem neurons could be retrogradely labelled following HRP injections administered caudal to the lesion.
(3) The recorded APs were further subdivided into those exhibiting consistent antegrade conduction during sinus rhythm (overt APs: 50 left APs, eight right APs), those exhibiting intermittent antegrade conduction (intermittent APs: six left APs, two right APs), and those exhibiting only retrograde conduction (concealed APs: 33 left APs, two right APs).
(4) The behavior of the retrograde H deflection in respect to the first extra beat following the premature QRS complex helped in excluding bundle branch reentry.
(5) Diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with complicated forms of the disease helps in identifying the cause of jaundice before the operation.
(7) This report describes a newly developed catheter system with the aid of which the cystic duct and gallbladder can be reliably catheterized, retrograde, via an endoscope.
(8) Previous studies are reviewed in the light of new information on retrograde axonal transport, circumventricular organs, the proper use of horseradish peroxidase, freeze-fracturing, immunocytochemistry and plasma protein gene expression in the developing human brain.
(9) Injection of horseradish peroxidase into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) led to heavy retrograde and anterograde labeling in the region of the hypothalamus that yielded the CRDR when stimulated electrically.
(10) These characteristics are consistent with the proposal that cytoplasmic dynein plays a universal role in retrograde organelle motility.
(11) Retrograde extrapolation is applicable in the forensic setting with scientific reliability when reasonable and justifiable assumptions are utilized.
(12) After injection of HRP-WGA into the contralateral hippocampus 2% of hilar NPY-i neurons were retrogradely labeled and symmetric NPY-i synapses were found on the cell bodies and dendrites of unstained HRP-WGA labeled neurons.
(13) Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and immunocytochemical visualization of glutamate (Glu) were combined to investigate the neurotransmitter used by cortico-cortical neurons in the first (SI) and second (SII) somatic sensory areas of macaque monkeys.
(14) In 40 subjects the propagation sequence of phasic contractions could be evaluated and were simultaneous in 53%, antegrade in 35%, and retrograde in 11% of the waves.
(15) 314 patients were managed conservatively and 524 required intervention therapy: 52 with blind endoscopic techniques, 93 with open surgery, 122 with retrograde ureteroscopy, 168 with percutaneous extraction and 92 with ESWL.
(16) None of the cases was diagnosed by retrograde pyelography for fractionally visualized excretory urography and 3 were within 9 months of a previously normal excretory urogram alone or with retrograde pyelography.
(17) We examined in rats the effectiveness of administering verapamil into ischemic tissue by retrograde perfusion through the cerebral vein, starting 3 hours after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.
(18) Fluorescent labels, injected into either the hindlimb muscles or the cerebellum, are retrogradely transported to motoneurones or dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurones respectively.
(19) Glutamate-immunoreactive neurons were present throughout the acoustic thalamus, including the regions containing the retrogradely labeled neurons.
(20) Injections of horseradish peroxidase into the telencephalon retrogradely labeled neurons ipsilaterally in various thalamic, preglomerular, and tuberal nuclei, the nucleus of the locus coeruleus (also contralaterally), the superior raphe, and portions of the nucleus lateralis valvulae.