(n.) A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin.
Example Sentences:
(1) Female CD-1 mice were initiated with 200 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene and topically promoted three times weekly for 20 weeks with doses of 25, 50, 100, or 200 nmol mirex.
(2) The inhibitory effect of topical garlic extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in Syrian hamsters was studied to define the local anticarcinogenicity of garlic.
(3) Mitoxantrone is an anthracene derivative that acts as a cytostatic in a variety of cancers.
(4) In another series of experiments, the effects of an anion channel blocker, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AA), were measured after stimulation of electrogenic HCO3- secretion with cAMP.
(5) --In this fashion, six polycyclic aromatic compounds with differing carcinogenic activities were tested:benzo(a)-pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, fluoranthene, and cyclopenteno (c,d)pyrene.
(6) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
(7) Anthracene, chrysene, benzo(e)pyrene and perylene did not significantly suppress the antibody-forming cell response compared to the corn oil vehicle controls.
(8) Heterotopic tracheal transplants of rats were exposed in vivo to 150 or 640 microng of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) delivered over 2 weeks, and the epithelium was studied in vitro in an attempt to identify changes in growth behavior during early phases of neoplastic development.
(9) 5-Methylchrysene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene and benz[a]anthracene, which have relatively high IP, were inactive.
(10) The in vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by the polycyclic hydrocarbons, 7,12-dimethylbena[a]anthracene and 3-methylcholanthrene and some of the related dihydrodiols was investigated.
(11) The results indicate that, in mouse skin microsomes, a cytochrome P-450 induced by benz(a)anthracene is enzymatically and immunochemically similar to rat liver cytochrome P-450MC-1.
(12) The PCAH's identified in SRF-carbon black were: anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(mno)fluoranthene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, 1,2-benzopyrene, 3,4-benzopyrene, perylene, o-phenylene pyrene 1,2-benzoperylene, anthanthrene, and coronene.
(13) In normal fibres in normal Ringer 3-chloro-2,5,6-trimethylbenzoic acid; 5,6-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-7-carboxybenz[c]acridine; phenanthrene-9-carboxylic acid; and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid at 10(-5)-10(-4)M decreased membrane conductance without consistently changing diameter or capacitance.
(14) An attempt was made to separate estrogen from prolactin dependency of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumors at 2.5 and 5 months after DMBA injection.
(15) Inducibility by dcAMP plus aminophylline or by benz (a) anthracene varied in different cell lines.
(16) Thus, the 8,9-dihydrodiol-10,11-epoxide of 7,12-dimethylbenz]a[anthracene, analogous to the biologically active 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide of benzo]a[pyrene, a mutagen that is believed to be an active intermediate in carcinogenesis by benzo]a[pyrene, should probably exist preferentially in a conformation bearing the8-hydroxyl group in the axial orientation.
(17) Omission of adrenocorticotrophic hormone lowered the oxidation of mitochondrial glutathione induced by 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene about twofold.
(18) 4,4'-DDT greater than aldrin, 4,4'-DDE and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) greater than 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-B(a)P) greater than benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P).
(19) Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the mouse skin were produced by three different protocols of chemical carcinogenesis, i.e., complete carcinogenesis with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) two-stage carcinogenesis with DMBA as initiator, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as promoter and three stage carcinogenesis with DMBA, TPA and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) as third-stage agent or progressor.
(20) Sphingosine (SPH) was studied as an inhibitor of skin tumor promotion in skin cancer initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).
Anthraquinone
Definition:
(n.) A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have studied the effects of clinically useful anthraquinones on the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-release channel.
(2) Since the mutagenic compounds isolated are anthraquinone derivatives with the exception of compound 1, structure-mutagenicity relationships of the anthraquinones were also studied.
(3) We have conducted stopped-flow kinetics association and dissociation experiments on the interaction of these anthraquinones with calf thymus DNA and with DNA polymers with alternating AT and GC base pairs to experimentally determine the binding mode and how the threading mode affects intercalation rates relative to similarly substituted classical intercalators.
(4) The results were compared with that of versicolorin A, an anthraquinone with bisfuran ring, which had been proved to be genotoxic on this assay.
(5) From lettuce and string beans quercetin was isolated (after chemical hydrolysis) and in rhubarb emodin, an anthraquinon, was detected.
(6) Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone antineoplastic agent with structural similarities to doxorubicin.
(7) A few were positive for phlobatannins and anthraquinones.
(8) The maximum content of antraquinones on a fresh weight basis was 0.334 percent, which is higher than the content of total anthraquinones in the dry seeds.
(9) 1,4-Diamino-substituted anthraquinone antitumor agents (mitoxantrone and ametantrone) and structurally related 1,5- and 1,8-diamino-substituted compounds (AM1 and AM2) were tested for their ability to photosensitize human leukemic cells in culture.
(10) Doxorubicin enhances the binding of [3H]ryanodine to SR membranes and soluble receptor preparations and induces Ca2+ release from SR vesicles in a highly Ca2(+)-dependent manner, suggesting that anthraquinones promote the open state of the junctional Ca2+ release channel by increasing the affinity of the Ca2+ activator site for Ca2+.
(11) The carbonate- and alkali-soluble pigments have been further separated by chromatography and shown to consist of anthraquinone derivatives.
(12) The anthraquinones danthron, doxorubicin and emodin were poorly metabolized in this system.
(13) Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM).
(14) These results agree with recent observations on the effects of senna in rats and mice, and do not support earlier claims that myenteric neurons are killed by anthraquinone purgatives.
(15) Sodium 2-hydroxy-anthraquinone sulphate and anthraquinone-2-suphonate were also active as antifeedants for the species tested.
(16) Three compounds, [[2-[[2-(anthraquinon-1- ylamino)ethyl]amino]ethyl]amine-N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), [[2-[[3-(anthraquinon-1-ylamino)propyl]amino]ethyl]amine- N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), and [[2-[[3-anthraquinon-1- yloxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]amine-N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), were as active in vitro as cisplatin (ED50 = 2-4 x 10(-7) M) while on a molar basis their acute in vivo toxicity was significantly lower than that of cisplatin.
(17) Components S 383-O and S 383-A were identified as known derivatives of anthraquinone and naphthacenequinone, respectively, previously isolated from cultures of other blocked mutants of S. galilaeus strains.
(18) The naturally-occurring anthraquinones (AQs), alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and lucidin (1,3-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), were incubated with DNA in the presence of S9 mix.
(19) The anthraquinone was shown to enhance binding to a complementary RNA when linked to the 3' and 5' end.
(20) The in vitro microbial degradation and the urinary excretion and biliary secretion in rats of two anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides A and B) and four aglycones (sennidins A and B, rhein, and danthron) were studied using a high performance liquid chromatographic system with gradient elution and amperometric detection.