(n.) A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and blind coal.
Example Sentences:
(1) But then a mismanaged clean-up in an underground garbage dump ignited a seam of anthracite eight miles long that proved impossible to extinguish.
(2) Eventually, long before all that anthracite has burned away, the town will probably collapse into the empty seam below and disappear completely.
(3) Significantly greater (P less than 0.05) depression (coinhibition) of viral interferon induction (greater than 83%) resulted when bioactivated B[a]P was incorporated with coal particles representative of coal rank (anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat).
(4) Two kinds of coal mine dust, low rank with high quartz (bituminous) and high rank with low quartz (anthracite), were assayed for ability to induce alveolitis and to stimulate interleukin-1 release from normal alveolar macrophages in vitro.
(5) The union used the hearings of the US Anthracite Coal Strike Commission of 1902-3 to draw public attention to "miners' asthma."
(6) Soon roads started to melt, and a huge fiery chasm opened up in the back garden of a house, as the ground collapsed into the vast anthracite seam below.
(7) Examination of one such soil shows that the organic material is finely divided anthracite coal.
(8) In these 250 mines a progressive and five-fold increase in prevalence was observed from collieries mining low-rank (bituminous) coal to those mining coal of high ranks (anthracite and high-grade steam and coking coal).
(9) Studies with the organic solvent extracts of all five ranks of coal indicate that the extracts of bituminous, lignite, and peat, but not anthracite, induced SCEs.
(10) The apparent excess prevalence of radiographic small rounded opacities in anthracite surface coal mine drillers suggests that quartz exposures have been increased.
(11) Freshly ground anthracite coal produced greater concentration of free radicals than the bituminous coal, and the radical reactivity was also greater for the anthracite.
(12) In 1984-1985, medical examinations consisting of a chest radiograph, spirometry test, and questionnaire on work history, respiratory symptoms, and smoking history were administered to 1,061 white males who were employed at 31 coal cleaning plants and strip coal mines in the anthracite coal region of northeastern Pennsylvania.
(13) Total mutagenic activity (the activity per gram of coal pyrolyzed), however, varied with coal type according to the order: high volatile bituminous much greater than subbituminous = lignite much greater than anthracite, due primarily to high organic yield during high volatile bituminous coal pyrolysis.
(14) Similar experiments conducted with water extracts show that bituminous, lignite, and peat, but not sub-bituminous extracts, induced SCEs, and that anthracite was equivocal.
(15) The specific mutagenic activity (i.e., the activity per unit sample weight) of extracts from particulates and volatiles captured on XAD-2 resin varied with coal type according to the order: subbituminous greater than high volatile bituminous greater than lignite greater than anthracite.
(16) Given that there is enough anthracite coal down there to burn for another 250 years, most people have long since abandoned Centralia (although remarkably, Bill Bryson found 10 people still in residence when he visited to research his book A Walk In The Woods in 1996).
(17) It develops especially in miners working in anthracite coal-mines and in persons exposed to silica and asbestos.
(18) The effect we observed regarding the anthracite lustre using low temperatures was typical, and the best results were obtained in dental roots with eight color scales.
(19) The reactivity of the newly produced free radicals in the anthracite dust correlated with the dust's toxicity.
(20) An experiment on rats in vivo with bituminous, anthracitic and brown coal dusts from eight coal mines showed that the fibrogenic degree in experimental rats was related to the free silica contents of the coal dust, which varied from 0.72% to 9.84% in our experiment.
Culm
Definition:
(n.) The stalk or stem of grain and grasses (including the bamboo), jointed and usually hollow.
(n.) Mineral coal that is not bituminous; anthracite, especially when found in small masses.
(n.) The waste of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines, consisting of fine coal, dust, etc., and used as fuel.
Example Sentences:
(1) Experiments for uptaking and distribution of the culm stabiliser "camposan" with the agens ethephon are very important to tell something about the dwarf behaviour of the treated plants of rye.
(2) The supplementary diet which consisted largely of a distillery by-product, malt culms, was submitted for mycological examination and fed to two housed lambs.
(3) Aspergillus clavatus was cultured from the culms, and both the affected sheep and the housed lambs showed cerebrospinal degenerative changes.
(4) semitectum were isolated from blighted culms of grain sorghum.
(5) (90%), Rhizopus stolonifer (48%) and yeasts (53%) were the dominant fungi in 699 sputum cultures, and showed a similar proportional distribution in 327 samples of grain, malt, culms and dusts from fifty-six maltings.
(6) The 16th-century chapel of Columbjohn sits beside the river Culm and there are good paddling spots nearby.
(7) The radioactive labelled ethephon is infiltrated through the roots, leaves and cuttings of culms.