(n.) A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have studied the effects of clinically useful anthraquinones on the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-release channel.
(2) Since the mutagenic compounds isolated are anthraquinone derivatives with the exception of compound 1, structure-mutagenicity relationships of the anthraquinones were also studied.
(3) We have conducted stopped-flow kinetics association and dissociation experiments on the interaction of these anthraquinones with calf thymus DNA and with DNA polymers with alternating AT and GC base pairs to experimentally determine the binding mode and how the threading mode affects intercalation rates relative to similarly substituted classical intercalators.
(4) The results were compared with that of versicolorin A, an anthraquinone with bisfuran ring, which had been proved to be genotoxic on this assay.
(5) From lettuce and string beans quercetin was isolated (after chemical hydrolysis) and in rhubarb emodin, an anthraquinon, was detected.
(6) Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone antineoplastic agent with structural similarities to doxorubicin.
(7) A few were positive for phlobatannins and anthraquinones.
(8) The maximum content of antraquinones on a fresh weight basis was 0.334 percent, which is higher than the content of total anthraquinones in the dry seeds.
(9) 1,4-Diamino-substituted anthraquinone antitumor agents (mitoxantrone and ametantrone) and structurally related 1,5- and 1,8-diamino-substituted compounds (AM1 and AM2) were tested for their ability to photosensitize human leukemic cells in culture.
(10) Doxorubicin enhances the binding of [3H]ryanodine to SR membranes and soluble receptor preparations and induces Ca2+ release from SR vesicles in a highly Ca2(+)-dependent manner, suggesting that anthraquinones promote the open state of the junctional Ca2+ release channel by increasing the affinity of the Ca2+ activator site for Ca2+.
(11) The carbonate- and alkali-soluble pigments have been further separated by chromatography and shown to consist of anthraquinone derivatives.
(12) The anthraquinones danthron, doxorubicin and emodin were poorly metabolized in this system.
(13) Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM).
(14) These results agree with recent observations on the effects of senna in rats and mice, and do not support earlier claims that myenteric neurons are killed by anthraquinone purgatives.
(15) Sodium 2-hydroxy-anthraquinone sulphate and anthraquinone-2-suphonate were also active as antifeedants for the species tested.
(16) Three compounds, [[2-[[2-(anthraquinon-1- ylamino)ethyl]amino]ethyl]amine-N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), [[2-[[3-(anthraquinon-1-ylamino)propyl]amino]ethyl]amine- N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), and [[2-[[3-anthraquinon-1- yloxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]amine-N,N']dichloroplatinum(II), were as active in vitro as cisplatin (ED50 = 2-4 x 10(-7) M) while on a molar basis their acute in vivo toxicity was significantly lower than that of cisplatin.
(17) Components S 383-O and S 383-A were identified as known derivatives of anthraquinone and naphthacenequinone, respectively, previously isolated from cultures of other blocked mutants of S. galilaeus strains.
(18) The naturally-occurring anthraquinones (AQs), alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and lucidin (1,3-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), were incubated with DNA in the presence of S9 mix.
(19) The anthraquinone was shown to enhance binding to a complementary RNA when linked to the 3' and 5' end.
(20) The in vitro microbial degradation and the urinary excretion and biliary secretion in rats of two anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides A and B) and four aglycones (sennidins A and B, rhein, and danthron) were studied using a high performance liquid chromatographic system with gradient elution and amperometric detection.
Purpurin
Definition:
(n.) A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in madder root, and extracted as an orange or red crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) A cDNA for purpurin, a secreted 20,000 dalton neural retina cell adhesion and survival protein, has been sequenced and expressed in mammalian cells.
(2) Purpurin was not retained intracellularly and did not bind to TTR coupled to Sepharose.
(3) Purpurins, which have strong absorption bands above 650 nm.
(4) The 20,000-mol-wt protein, called retinal purpurin (RP), stimulates neural retina cell-substratum adhesion and prolongs the survival of neural retina cells in culture.
(5) In 30-day tumor regrowth studies, 70% of animals treated with the metallopurpurin derivative SnET2 were free of tumors while 50% of the animals treated with the free-base purpurin ET2 were free of tumor.
(6) In spite of UV-vis and mass spectroscopic similarities, the "purpurin" 7 differs from the "purpurins" 6a,b by the loss of ring A.
(7) The synthesis of purpurins from etioporphyrin I and coproporphyrin I proceeds in high yield and with a high degree of regioselectivity.
(8) Product formation can be rationalized in terms of relief of steric strain about the periphery of the purpurin macrocycle.
(9) Purpurin mRNA is found in both embryonic and adult retina, but not the brain, heart, or liver.
(10) In contrast to RBP, purpurin was not retained in vitamin A-deficient HeLa cells.
(11) Purpurin and the serum RBP are, however, different molecules, for the serum protein is approximately 3,000 D larger than purpurin and has different silver-staining characteristics.
(12) Most interestingly, anti-purpurin and anti-HSPG bound only to one end of adhesive filaments.
(13) Purpurin derivatives, a group of synthetic photosensitizers, were tested for their photodynamic activity against transplantable N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced urothelial tumors growing in male Fischer 344 rats.
(14) In contrast to RBP, expressed purpurin did not bind to transthyretin (TTR).
(15) Purpurins are a class of porphyrin derivative that have been shown to have good in vivo cytotoxicity to N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) induced rat bladder tumors (AY-27) implanted into Fisher 344 rats.
(16) Finally, purpurin supports the survival of dissociated ciliary ganglion cells, indicating that RBPs can act as ciliary neurotrophic factors.
(17) A 20,000-D protein called purpurin has recently been isolated from the growth-conditioned medium of cultured embryonic chick neural retina cells (Schubert, D., and M. LaCorbiere, 1985, J.
(18) Purpurin binds retinol and may play a major role in retinol transport across the interphotoreceptor cell matrix.
(19) Ferritin iron was released by a number of bipyridyl radicals including those derived from diquat and paraquat, the anthracycline radicals of adriamycin, daunorubicin and epirubicin, the semiquinones of anthraquinone-2-sulphonate, 1,5 and 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1-hydroxyanthraquinone, purpurin, and plumbagin, and the nitroaromatic radicals of nitrofurantoin and metronidazole.
(20) In V79 cells, only HA with 2 hydroxy groups in the 1,3 positions (1,3-DHA, purpurin, emodin) or with a hydroxymethyl sidechain (lucidin and aloe-emodin) were mutagenic.