(n.) A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; -- used with against, for, or to; as, an antidote against, for, or to, poison.
(n.) Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.
(v. t.) To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote.
(v. t.) To fortify or preserve by an antidote.
Example Sentences:
(1) This may result in the unnecessary implementation of antidotal therapy.
(2) These results are in marked contrast to our results with stroma-free methemoglobin solutions (SFMS) which showed SFMS to be a highly effective antidote against four times the LD90 when administered 30 seconds after an intravenous injection of cyanide.
(3) Three esterase inhibitors, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, bis-(p-nitrophenyl)-phosphate, and diisopropylfluorophosphate, had no effect on the antidote effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine, although each provided partial protection against acetaminophen poisoning.
(4) Sixteen chelating agents were examined to determine their relative efficacy as antidotes in acute uranyl acetate intoxication in mice after subcutaneous administration.
(5) The terrorists know that if Iraq and Afghanistan survive their assault, come through their travails, seize the opportunity the future offers, then those countries will stand not just as nations liberated from oppression, but as a lesson to humankind everywhere and a profound antidote to the poison of religious extremism.
(6) The implication of the cholinergic system in such intoxications prompted us to study the effect of different combinations of antidotes on the acetylcholine (ACh) synthesizing system in mouse brain in vivo.
(7) Although differences between plasma cyanide levels in the two groups only attained significance 1 h after administering the antidote (0.8 vs. 2.74 mumol .
(8) Since there is no specific antidot against these drugs, therapy of side effects is limited to symptomatic treatment including administration of cholinergic drugs.
(9) Lavage also provides an excellent route for activated charcoal and selected antidotes.
(10) Studies attempting to measure cyanide in the blood of methyl isocyanate-exposed rats, and attempting to affect lethality with a cyanide antidote (sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate) gave negative results.
(11) 2-Mercaptosuccinic and ascorbic acids were not effective as antidotes for parenteral vanadium intoxication.
(12) Oxygen, thiosulfate and hydroxycobalamin are probably the best and safest currently available antidotes to manage this difficult setting.
(13) He has been declared "a Shakespearean fool, the only one who can say what others can't" and "an antidote to the proliferation of neo-Nazi movements which took hold of Hungary and Greece".
(14) The best antidotal effect was demonstrated for the combination of atropine and methoxime (tested as therapeutic index or D50 index).
(15) By measuring the methemoglobin formation, the permeabilities of some cyanide antidotes passing through mouse erythrocyte membrane were studied.
(16) This was the first recorded case in which antidotal methemoglobin production was attempted.
(17) Therefore, STS was confirmed to be a powerful antidote against cis-platinum in plasma.
(18) Clinacanthus nutans Burm, a herb reputed in Thailand and Malaysia to be "snakebite antidote" has been tested in vitro and in vivo for antivenin activity.
(19) Recent literature suggests using initial charcoal therapy instead of ipecac as a first-line antidotal agent for many acute poisonings.
(20) A comparison of these results with the predicted relative abilities of the enantiomers to participate in each of the three antidotal mechanisms leads to the conclusion that, under these experimental conditions, the best correlation exists with the cyanide detoxification mechanism.
Vaccine
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to cows; pertaining to, derived from, or caused by, vaccinia; as, vaccine virus; the vaccine disease.
(n.) The virus of vaccinia used in vaccination.
(n.) any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism are also used, some of which are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.
Example Sentences:
(1) We were able to detect genetic recombination between vaccine strains of PRV following in vitro or in vivo coinoculation of 2 strains of PRV.
(2) Attempts are now being made to use this increased understanding to produce effective killed vaccines that produce immune responses in the lung.
(3) We have measured the antibody specificities to the two polysaccharides in sera from asymptomatic group C meningococcal carriers and vaccinated adults by a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using methylated human serum albumin for coating the group C polysaccharide onto microtiter plates.
(4) The simultaneous administration of the yellow fever vaccine did not influence the titre of agglutinins induced by the classic cholera vaccine.
(5) Before carrier vaccines are applied, these risks must be thoroughly evaluated case-by-case.
(6) Whole-virus vaccines prepared by Merck Sharp and Dohme (West Point, Pa.) and Merrell-National Laboratories (Cincinnati, Ohio) and subunit vaccines prepared by Parke, Davis and Company (Detroit, Mich.) and Wyeth Laboratories (Philadelphia, Pa.) were given intramuscularly in concentrations of 800, 400, or 200 chick cell-agglutinating units per dose.
(7) The prophylactic effect of immunization with P. aeruginosa polyvalent corpuscular vaccine has been shown on the model of P. aeruginosa generalized chronic infection in mice with leukopenia induced by the intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamids.
(8) The data support inclusion of these residues in future CS protein vaccines.
(9) By vaccinating adult dogs in boarding kennels the morbidity rate dropped from 83.5% to 6.5% and the mortality rate from 4.1% to 0.5%.
(10) It is clear that before general release of a new living feline infectious enteritis vaccine, there must be satisfactory evidence that concurrent infection will not affect the safety of the modified antigen.In cats infected with feline infectious enteritis there appears to be a short period, coinciding with the onset of leucopaenia, during which they are highly infectious.
(11) The combination vaccine consisted of 12 Lf tetanus toxoid and 10 TCID50 vaccinia virus "MVA" preserved with gelatine and glucosamine.
(12) We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a conjugate vaccine that links the H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide to the outer-membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B.
(13) The litter size of vaccinated gilts was larger than that of the control gilts.
(14) The SNT and the I-ELISA indicated that the pigs responded to vaccination and challenge.
(15) The value of benefit-risk, benefit-cost, and cost-effectiveness analyses lies not in providing the definitive basis for a decision on vaccine use or evaluation.
(16) Injection of about four ImD 50 of vaccine intracerebrally produced a local immunity, resulting in an immediate kill of challenge organisms given 14 days later.
(17) For the purpose of studying the role of elastase and protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacterial infection in burns, the effects of the vaccines made from each enzyme, their toxoids and OEP on protection against infection in burned mice were studied.
(18) No vaccination reactions were noted, although most birds involved in the trials were carrying Mycoplasma spp.
(19) Serum from piglets of vaccinated sows had no more bactericidal activity than did sera from non-vaccinated sows.
(20) The purpose of this study was to investigate a tumor cell vaccine delivered via peripheral lymphatics as maintenance therapy after induction of remission with chemotherapy.