What's the difference between antidromous and stem?
Antidromous
Definition:
(a.) Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem.
Example Sentences:
(1) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(2) Following electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) area, 21% of the neurons were orthodromically excited, 6% were inhibited and 2.5% were antidromically activated.
(3) However, only a small fraction of the neurons (2 of 13 tested) which received such convergent inputs could be antidromically driven from the upper thoracic spinal cord.
(4) 13 (7.7%) were activated antidromically and were located in the lateral division of the PBN, while 34 (22.5%) were affected orthodromically.
(5) The method requires that an orthodromic spike be recorded following an antidromic spike, with estimation of a collision interval analogous to that used for establishing antidromicity.
(6) The duration of the after-hyperpolarization following antidromic spikes in masseter motoneurones ranged from 15 to 50 ms (mean = 30; S.D.
(7) The type 3 pattern occurred when the antidromic wavefront of early premature beats captured the original circuit exit.
(8) In oestrogen-treated preparations, tuberoinfundibular arcuate neurons responsive and unresponsive to accessory bulb stimulation could be distinguished by the frequency of successful antidromic propagation into the soma.
(9) The action potential of the nerve was recorded in 50 nerves of 25 normal subjects, by antidromic stimulation of the median nerve 10cm from the surface recording electrode over the midthenar eminence.
(10) Other antidromically activated neurons in the vasodepressor region may be inhibitory vasomotor cells with a function relatively independent of baroreceptor inputs, or they may be A1 catecholamine neurons, with axons passing through the rostral medulla en route to the forebrain.
(11) At 1000 microM, cyanide caused a moderate depression of the antidromic response in one slice while having no effect in one other.
(12) In B neurons posthumous depolarization follows orthodromic responses, and a late posthumous depolarization can be seen in B and C neurons following either ortho- or antidromic stimulation.
(13) All amino acids tested produced a reduction in the amplitude of postsynaptic potentials, a blockade of the antidromic action potential and an increase of membrane conductance.
(14) The peak latency of the antidromic sensory response depended on the distance between the recording electrodes; with shorter interelectrode distances it was similar to that of orthodromic sensory response.
(15) About 11% of units antidromically activated by ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus stimulation were depressed by ACh.
(16) One hundred and thirty sympathetic preganglionic neurones were studied in spinal segments T13-L2, inclusive, after their antidromic identification following electrical stimulation of the left lumbar sympathetic chain between the 4th and 5th lumbar ganglia; sixty-six had on-going activity and thirty of the remainder were activated by the ionophoretic application of glutamate.
(17) In all regions explored, a substantial number of antidromically invaded neurons were found following electrical stimulation of the VSPR.
(18) was determined electrophysiologically by the antidromic mapping technique.
(19) Antidromic stimulation of nerves supplying the distal endplate zone produced contraction of the proximal part of the muscle and, following similar antidromic stimulation, intracellular recordings made at proximal zone endplates showed the presence of endplate potentials.
(20) Recurrent inhibition was evoked in all cells by antidromic activation of principal cell axons in the visual cortex.
Stem
Definition:
(v. i.) Alt. of Steem
(n.) Alt. of Steem
(n.) The principal body of a tree, shrub, or plant, of any kind; the main stock; the part which supports the branches or the head or top.
(n.) A little branch which connects a fruit, flower, or leaf with a main branch; a peduncle, pedicel, or petiole; as, the stem of an apple or a cherry.
(n.) The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors.
(n.) A branch of a family.
(n.) A curved piece of timber to which the two sides of a ship are united at the fore end. The lower end of it is scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests upon its upper end. Hence, the forward part of a vessel; the bow.
(n.) Fig.: An advanced or leading position; the lookout.
(n.) Anything resembling a stem or stalk; as, the stem of a tobacco pipe; the stem of a watch case, or that part to which the ring, by which it is suspended, is attached.
(n.) That part of a plant which bears leaves, or rudiments of leaves, whether rising above ground or wholly subterranean.
(n.) The entire central axis of a feather.
(n.) The basal portion of the body of one of the Pennatulacea, or of a gorgonian.
(n.) The short perpendicular line added to the body of a note; the tail of a crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, etc.
(n.) The part of an inflected word which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) throughout a given inflection; theme; base.
(v. t.) To remove the stem or stems from; as, to stem cherries; to remove the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from; as, to stem tobacco leaves.
(v. t.) To ram, as clay, into a blasting hole.
(v. t.) To oppose or cut with, or as with, the stem of a vessel; to resist, or make progress against; to stop or check the flow of, as a current.
(v. i.) To move forward against an obstacle, as a vessel against a current.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, CT will be insensitive in the detection of the more cephalic proximal lesions, especially those in the brain stem, basal cisterns, and skull base.
(2) Based on our results, we propose the following hypotheses for the neurochemical mechanisms of motion sickness: (1) the histaminergic neuron system is involved in the signs and symptoms of motion sickness, including vomiting; (2) the acetylcholinergic neuron system is involved in the processes of habituation to motion sickness, including neural store mechanisms; and (3) the catecholaminergic neuron system in the brain stem is not related to the development of motion sickness.
(3) The examination of the standard waves' amplitude and latency of the brain stem auditory evoked response (BAEP) was performed in 20 guinea pigs (males and females, weighing 250 to 300 g).
(4) A previous trial into the safety and feasibility of using bone marrow stem cells to treat MS, led by Neil Scolding, a clinical neuroscientist at Bristol University, was deemed a success last year.
(5) Proliferation of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells, purified by cell sorting and evaluated by spleen colony assay (CFU-S), was investigated by measuring the total cell number and CFU-S content and the DNA histogram at 20 and 48 hours of liquid culture.
(6) The last stems from trends such as declining birth rate, an increasingly mobile society, diminished importance of the nuclear family, and the diminishing attractiveness of professions involved with providing maintenance care.
(7) Following BHT administration, the alveolar stem cells (type II pneumocytes) proliferate and differentiate according to a biphasic pattern, with proliferative peaks at d 3 and 7.
(8) In testing the contribution of the long, curved stem to the torsional stability of uncemented prostheses by comparing it with other stems, the long, curved stem was the most stable, followed by a shorter straight stem, and a short, proximally curved stem.
(9) For example, stem pairing with a sequence other than wild-type resulted in normal protein binding in vitro but derepression of protein synthesis in vivo.
(10) These results indicate that this population (approximately 0.1% of bone marrow) may contain the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
(11) Brain-stem CBF varied the most but did not correlate with clinical signs of brain-stem dysfunction.
(12) We infer from these results that endotoxin ameliorates the cyclical changes in blood cell counts by regulating hematopoietic proliferative activity at the stem cell level.
(13) The effects of inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity on the sensitivity of murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells to oxazaphosphorine anticancer agents, e.g.
(14) Three strains of fluorescent pseudomonads (IS-1, IS-2, and IS-3) isolated from potato underground stems with roots showed in vitro antibiosis against 30 strains of the ring rot bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
(15) This has stemmed from an inadequate understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation and propagation of this condition.
(16) We therefore think that the detailed examination of CALLA(-) non-T non-B ALL cells using myeloid specific antibodies is helpful in clarifying the characteristics of myeloid precursors and the common bipotential stem cell of lymphoid and myeloid progenitors.
(17) Imaging studies had shown no change in his brain stem lesion, which at autopsy was found to be a focal collection of fibrillary astrocytes.
(18) These cells were hypothesized to be the stem cells for the corneal epithelium.
(19) Auditory brain stem potentials (ABP) were recorded in 27 patients with Bell's palsy during the early phase of the disease and 1-3 months later.
(20) The results indicate that stimulation of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, a brain stem region that processes nociceptor afferent information, evokes a prompt increase in plasma ACTH.