(n. pl.) One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail, as the frogs and toads.
Example Sentences:
(1) After the treatment in toto of the embryos from various species of Anura by cAMP, the number of primordial germ cells (PGC) in genital ridges is strongly reduced; the most part of the PGC are found in the endoderm.
(2) Odontophyrynus americanus (Amphibia, Anura) genomic DNA from diploid and tetraploid specimens was treated with restriction enzymes sensitive to cytosine and adenine methylation (5 meC and 6 meA).
(3) However, after a thorough study, some differences in distribution and density of degeneration suggest the idea that Ranid's visual system is not entirely representative among the Anura.
(4) Comparisons with retinal and tectal cells in carp, goldfish, pike, trout and in the Anura were made.
(5) In contrast to amphibians belonging to the orders Urodela and Anura, virtually no data exist on the respiratory physiology of the more primitive Apoda.
(6) The retinofugal pathways of an "archaic" Anura Discogossus pictus were examinated with Fink-Heimer method following ablation of the retina and after survival times of 5--105 days at 14 degrees C. A description of the diencephalic and mensencephalic architectonics has been done in order to replace the visual system into the general pattern.
(7) The type of chromosomal arrangement within the elongated sperm nuclei of Anura is discussed on the basis of the distribution patterns obtained.
(8) Analysis of the kinetics of carbon monoxide binding by hemoglobin from the tadpole of Xenopus laevis supports that model and suggests an explanation for the absence of an alkaline Bohr effect in many aquatic Anura and Urodela.
(9) With the exception of Anura, strong immunoreactivity was seen in the large ganglion, amacrine cells and horizontal cells of the retina in all of the other species.
(10) The pattern of glycosyltransferase activities is similar to the pattern of incorporation of the two saccharides into proteins, indicating these enzymes as important control points for glycosylation in Anurae.
(11) The position of specific constitutive heterochromatic chromosome regions within the elongated sperm nuclei of eight species of Anura was examined with Q- and C-banding.
(12) The retino-tectai projections of the Anura Discoglossus pictus were examined on seventeen adult specimens unilaterally enucleated.
(13) The different amino acid composition indicated a protein heterogeneity which could be connected with the tissue incompatibility of the transplantations when these last were effected between the orders Urodela and Anura.
(14) Anura Dissanayake, a spokesman for the Democratic National Alliance, which is led by Fonseka, claimed the charges were politically motivated.
(15) The retinotectal projection in anura is mainly crossed, although a small proportion of optic axons projects to the ipsilateral tectum.
(16) Avoidance, which is apparently mediated by a separate system, much as in Anura, is facilitated.
(17) This work points out the existence of a direct ipsilateral retino-tectal pathway in Anura.
(18) Many remarkable similarities to the frontal organ of other Amphibia Anura are observed.
(19) The karyotypes of 14 species of Anura from 9 genera of the suborders Amphicoela, Aglossa, Opisthocoela and Anomocoela were analysed with various banding techniques and conventional cytogenetic methods.
(20) The process of labyrinth determination has been studied in amphibians (three Urodela and seven Anura species) using homoplastic transplantation of ear ectoderm, containing labyrinth material onto the abdominal wall of embryos of the same stage of development.
Anuran
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Both tympanic and nontympanic pathways of sound reception are utilized by anuran amphibians.
(2) In anurans, the oculomotor neurons receive a variety of visual, somatic, and vestibular afferents and appear relatively undifferentiated, whereas the nInt appears more developed.
(3) The flat, wide meshed vascular net on the ventral side of the pars intermedia, demonstrated in this study, fits into the concept that the pars intermedia of the anuran hypophysis is under the control of nerve fibers coming from the hypothalamus.
(4) However, the extensive projections of the medial pallium to the dorsal thalamus and pretectum in anurans may be primitive features of the medial pallium retained in anurans, or uniquely derived features in anurans.
(5) The study represents the first immunohistochemical demonstration of IR-TRH in larval anurans, and serves as a basis for clarification of the neuroendocrine regulation of metamorphosis.
(6) The leg muscles consisted of 75% by volume fast glycolytic fibers, a composition typical of other muscles described in anuran amphibians.
(7) Motion-sensitive neurons in anuran optic tectum were shown to respond to a stationary object centered in the excitatory receptive field, if a textured background moved for a while and then stopped ('motion after-response').
(8) In the thymus of Rana perezi, as in other anuran amphibians, there exist two different portions, cortex and medulla.
(9) The Harderian gland has an acinar structure and is the only orbital gland in anuran amphibia.
(10) The results of this study provide evidence for the presence of NADPH-diaphorase containing neurons in the anuran retina.
(11) In anurans the PRO extends into the walls of the unpair telencephalic ventricle.
(12) Hindlimbs of Xenopus laevis tadpoles at stages 50 to 55 of embryonic development were amputated in order to study the fine structure associated with ontogenetic decline in regenerative ability of this anuran.
(13) To obtain more insight into the vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic systems of amphibians and the evolution of these neuropeptidergic systems in vertebrates in general, the distribution of vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MST) was studied immunohistochemically in the brains of the anuran Rana ridibunda and the urodele Pleurodeles waltlii.
(14) Rana pipiens tadpoles were injected with 3H-thymidine at different stages to label basal cells of the horny beaks, the keratinized oral specializations of many anuran tadpoles.
(15) A developmental study of the anuran diencephalon from stage 30 to 2 months after metamorphosis has been done.
(16) The steady-state transport kinetics of the interaction between external sodium and the diuretic drug, amiloride, was studied in isolated anuran skin epithelia.
(17) In anurans, the nervus terminalis projects to the medial septum, to the preoptic nucleus, to the nucleus of the anterior commissure and to the hypothalamus.
(18) Moreover, 'red' muscle fibres of the anuran tai- musculature are not equivalent to 'Type I' fibres of higher chordates.
(19) Certain species of anurans and electric fish detect amplitude modulations as a means of identifying conspecifics and foreign objects, respectively.
(20) In anurans, but not in a urodele, the TN was also found to contain Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) immunoreactivity.