(1) Both tympanic and nontympanic pathways of sound reception are utilized by anuran amphibians.
(2) In anurans, the oculomotor neurons receive a variety of visual, somatic, and vestibular afferents and appear relatively undifferentiated, whereas the nInt appears more developed.
(3) The flat, wide meshed vascular net on the ventral side of the pars intermedia, demonstrated in this study, fits into the concept that the pars intermedia of the anuran hypophysis is under the control of nerve fibers coming from the hypothalamus.
(4) However, the extensive projections of the medial pallium to the dorsal thalamus and pretectum in anurans may be primitive features of the medial pallium retained in anurans, or uniquely derived features in anurans.
(5) The study represents the first immunohistochemical demonstration of IR-TRH in larval anurans, and serves as a basis for clarification of the neuroendocrine regulation of metamorphosis.
(6) The leg muscles consisted of 75% by volume fast glycolytic fibers, a composition typical of other muscles described in anuran amphibians.
(7) Motion-sensitive neurons in anuran optic tectum were shown to respond to a stationary object centered in the excitatory receptive field, if a textured background moved for a while and then stopped ('motion after-response').
(8) In the thymus of Rana perezi, as in other anuran amphibians, there exist two different portions, cortex and medulla.
(9) The Harderian gland has an acinar structure and is the only orbital gland in anuran amphibia.
(10) The results of this study provide evidence for the presence of NADPH-diaphorase containing neurons in the anuran retina.
(11) In anurans the PRO extends into the walls of the unpair telencephalic ventricle.
(12) Hindlimbs of Xenopus laevis tadpoles at stages 50 to 55 of embryonic development were amputated in order to study the fine structure associated with ontogenetic decline in regenerative ability of this anuran.
(13) To obtain more insight into the vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic systems of amphibians and the evolution of these neuropeptidergic systems in vertebrates in general, the distribution of vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MST) was studied immunohistochemically in the brains of the anuran Rana ridibunda and the urodele Pleurodeles waltlii.
(14) Rana pipiens tadpoles were injected with 3H-thymidine at different stages to label basal cells of the horny beaks, the keratinized oral specializations of many anuran tadpoles.
(15) A developmental study of the anuran diencephalon from stage 30 to 2 months after metamorphosis has been done.
(16) The steady-state transport kinetics of the interaction between external sodium and the diuretic drug, amiloride, was studied in isolated anuran skin epithelia.
(17) In anurans, the nervus terminalis projects to the medial septum, to the preoptic nucleus, to the nucleus of the anterior commissure and to the hypothalamus.
(18) Moreover, 'red' muscle fibres of the anuran tai- musculature are not equivalent to 'Type I' fibres of higher chordates.
(19) Certain species of anurans and electric fish detect amplitude modulations as a means of identifying conspecifics and foreign objects, respectively.
(20) In anurans, but not in a urodele, the TN was also found to contain Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) immunoreactivity.
Batrachian
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to the Batrachia.
(n.) One of the Batrachia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The occurrence of seven major groups in different Archaeo-, Meso-, and Neo-batrachian amphibian stocks is briefly discussed.
(2) Another group of investigations was performed with two polypeptides with high molecular weight: Eledoisin, extracted from a mediterranean octopus, Eledone moschata, and Physalaemin, extracted from the skin of a south american batrachian, Physalaemus fuscomaculatus, both of these stimulate the lacrimal secretion and were previously successfully employed topically by the authors against keratoconjunctivitis sicca.