(1) Open field behaviors and isolation-induced aggression were reduced by anxiolytics, at doses which may be within the sedative-hypnotic range.
(2) It is concluded that in the mouse model the ability of buspirone to reduce the aversive response to a brightly illuminated area may reflect an anxiolytic action, that the dorsal raphe nucleus may be an important locus of action, and that the effects of buspirone may reflect an interaction at 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors.
(3) 3 alpha-hydroxylated pregnane steroids have been shown to possess anesthetic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties.
(4) Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the hydrophilic pyridinium salt form (G-Q+) of the GABA-CDS formed in situ remained in the brain for 12 h but was cleared from the blood and other peripheral tissues by 0.5-4 h. While the lipophilic form (G-DH) of the GABA-CDS caused a marked and sustained anxiolytic response when administered systemically, GABA and the charged pyridinium salt (G-Q+ form) of the GABA-CDS were ineffective.
(5) The novel anxiolytic drug, buspirone, reverses catalepsy induced by haloperidol.
(6) The anxiolytic activity of serotonin agonists (buspirone, ipsapirone, campirone, caplapirone, 1-pyrimidinyl-piperazine) determined in rats on 3 experimental models of anxiety closely correlates with the degree of inhibition of impulse release of 3H-serotonin by electrically stimulated slices of the midbrain raphe dorsal nucleus (r = +0.85) but not the slices of the cerebral hemispheric cortex (r = +0.60) of the rats.
(7) Buspirone, an azapirone derivative and a 5-HT1A partial agonist, is the first nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic introduced into medicine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
(8) In general, tolerance has not been found to anxiolytic effects after 7-15 days of treatment, although in the social interaction test it was found after 25 days.
(9) However, antidepressants may enhance the efficiency of responding on DRL schedules whereas anxiolytics tend to disrupt such behavior.
(10) With benzodiazepines, StD of memory retrieval conceivably constitutes a parsimonious explanation of the anxiolytic and untoward (amnesic, drug dependence) actions of these drugs.
(11) Benzodiazepines are highly effective and safe anxiolytics, but with continuous use these agents have demonstrated psychologic and physical dependence problems.
(12) Putative blockers of the GABA-receptor coupled chloride channel, picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol, and the benzodiazepine receptor antagonists Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 each blocked the anxiolytic effect of chlordiazepoxide.
(13) These attenuating effects may be related to the anxiolytic action of barbiturates.
(14) Calls are also sensitive to a variety of purported anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs, including the benzodiazepines, serotonin agonists, and ligands at the NMDA-glycine receptor complex.
(15) The agonist beta-carboline derivative ZK 93423, the anxiolytic cyclopyrrolones suriclone and zopiclone and the purines inosine and hypoxanthine all failed to inhibit antibody binding, supporting previous suggestions that these drugs may bind at non-benzodiazepine recognition sites on the CNS receptor.
(16) The behavioral effects of several new anxiolytics and putative anxiolytics were evaluated in two tests sensitive for anxiolytic activity.
(17) Pooled data for 427 patients with generalized anxiety disorders were analyzed retrospectively from six double-blind trials evaluating buspirone, a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic, in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
(18) The nature of the effects favours an 'anxiolytic' hypothesis of melatonin action rather than the other hypotheses so far proposed.
(19) A good agreement was established between the anxiolytic (tranquilizing) effect of phenazepam after administration to rats per os and the rate of its supply to the systemic blood flow.
(20) The literature on the effects of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs on performance in tasks requiring sustained attention is confusing.
Sedative
Definition:
(a.) Tending to calm, moderate, or tranquilize
(a.) allaying irritability and irritation; assuaging pain.
(n.) A remedy which allays irritability and irritation, and irritative activity or pain.
Example Sentences:
(1) The effects of sessions, individual characteristics, group behavior, sedative medications, and pharmacological anticipation, on simple visual and auditory reaction time were evaluated with a randomized block design.
(2) Open field behaviors and isolation-induced aggression were reduced by anxiolytics, at doses which may be within the sedative-hypnotic range.
(3) However, the degree of sedation caused by diphenhydramine was significantly greater than that caused by cimetidine (P = .0001).
(4) Although lorazepam and haloperidol produced an equivalent mean decrease in aggression, significantly more subjects who received lorazepam had a greater decrease in aggression ratings than haloperidol recipients; this effect was independent of sedation.
(5) Adverse outcomes were reported more frequently by consultant physicians, by those who 'titrated' the intravenous sedative, and by those who used an additional intravenous agent, but were reported equally frequently by endoscopists using midazolam and endoscopists using diazepam.
(6) Alterations in mean systolic blood pressure appeared to be modest, consisting of a 10 percent decrease from the control level, related to sedation, and a 10 percent rise from baseline during the procedure, associated with a concomitant mild tachycardia.
(7) We have evaluated the action of hypnotics on the sleep-wakefulness cycle in freely implanted rats during their maximally active period because it is easier to estimate the duration of the sedative effect.
(8) A survey into the current usage of tracheal tubes and associated procedures, such as various sedation regimes and antacid therapy, in intensive care units was carried out in Sweden by sending a questionnaire to physicians in charge of intensive care units in 70 acute hospitals which included seven main teaching hospitals.
(9) The results show that both drugs possess sedative, antispasmodic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, cardiotonic and hypotensive effects, the strength of effect and toxicity being similar.
(10) This suggests that the fluphenazine-induced sedation is not mediated via its effect on brain NA content, but is possibly due to the effect of the drug on NA turnover rates in the brain.
(11) The introduction of non-sedating H1-selective antihistamine drugs and local corticosteroids has been an important therapeutic advance.
(12) Neither a sedative nor other side effects could be seen.
(13) Sedation was measured by asking the subjects to complete visual analog scales.
(14) Smoking behaviour, self-reported mood and cardiac activity were examined in 12 "sedative" and 12 "stimulant" smokers, defined using Mangan and Golding's questionnaire.
(15) Patients in the reference group used more sedatives and long-acting nitroglycerine and had a lower return-to-work rate during the study period.
(16) A prospective study of the necessity of sedation, or analgesia, or both in total colonoscopy was performed.
(17) Fifteen consecutive patients on peritoneal dialysis who complained of chronic sleep disturbance and requested sedative were selected.
(18) Sedative interaction between midazolam and morphine was found to have a tendency for synergism (interaction coefficient of 1.56, P greater than 0.05) with decreased individual variability in the sedative response to the combination.
(19) Both drugs were relatively well tolerated, but trimipramine had a sedative effect which proved troublesome in some patients.
(20) None of the patients required anaesthesia, analgesics or sedatives.