(1) Open field behaviors and isolation-induced aggression were reduced by anxiolytics, at doses which may be within the sedative-hypnotic range.
(2) It is concluded that in the mouse model the ability of buspirone to reduce the aversive response to a brightly illuminated area may reflect an anxiolytic action, that the dorsal raphe nucleus may be an important locus of action, and that the effects of buspirone may reflect an interaction at 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors.
(3) 3 alpha-hydroxylated pregnane steroids have been shown to possess anesthetic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties.
(4) Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the hydrophilic pyridinium salt form (G-Q+) of the GABA-CDS formed in situ remained in the brain for 12 h but was cleared from the blood and other peripheral tissues by 0.5-4 h. While the lipophilic form (G-DH) of the GABA-CDS caused a marked and sustained anxiolytic response when administered systemically, GABA and the charged pyridinium salt (G-Q+ form) of the GABA-CDS were ineffective.
(5) The novel anxiolytic drug, buspirone, reverses catalepsy induced by haloperidol.
(6) The anxiolytic activity of serotonin agonists (buspirone, ipsapirone, campirone, caplapirone, 1-pyrimidinyl-piperazine) determined in rats on 3 experimental models of anxiety closely correlates with the degree of inhibition of impulse release of 3H-serotonin by electrically stimulated slices of the midbrain raphe dorsal nucleus (r = +0.85) but not the slices of the cerebral hemispheric cortex (r = +0.60) of the rats.
(7) Buspirone, an azapirone derivative and a 5-HT1A partial agonist, is the first nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic introduced into medicine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
(8) In general, tolerance has not been found to anxiolytic effects after 7-15 days of treatment, although in the social interaction test it was found after 25 days.
(9) However, antidepressants may enhance the efficiency of responding on DRL schedules whereas anxiolytics tend to disrupt such behavior.
(10) With benzodiazepines, StD of memory retrieval conceivably constitutes a parsimonious explanation of the anxiolytic and untoward (amnesic, drug dependence) actions of these drugs.
(11) Benzodiazepines are highly effective and safe anxiolytics, but with continuous use these agents have demonstrated psychologic and physical dependence problems.
(12) Putative blockers of the GABA-receptor coupled chloride channel, picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol, and the benzodiazepine receptor antagonists Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 each blocked the anxiolytic effect of chlordiazepoxide.
(13) These attenuating effects may be related to the anxiolytic action of barbiturates.
(14) Calls are also sensitive to a variety of purported anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs, including the benzodiazepines, serotonin agonists, and ligands at the NMDA-glycine receptor complex.
(15) The agonist beta-carboline derivative ZK 93423, the anxiolytic cyclopyrrolones suriclone and zopiclone and the purines inosine and hypoxanthine all failed to inhibit antibody binding, supporting previous suggestions that these drugs may bind at non-benzodiazepine recognition sites on the CNS receptor.
(16) The behavioral effects of several new anxiolytics and putative anxiolytics were evaluated in two tests sensitive for anxiolytic activity.
(17) Pooled data for 427 patients with generalized anxiety disorders were analyzed retrospectively from six double-blind trials evaluating buspirone, a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic, in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
(18) The nature of the effects favours an 'anxiolytic' hypothesis of melatonin action rather than the other hypotheses so far proposed.
(19) A good agreement was established between the anxiolytic (tranquilizing) effect of phenazepam after administration to rats per os and the rate of its supply to the systemic blood flow.
(20) The literature on the effects of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs on performance in tasks requiring sustained attention is confusing.
Tranquilizer
Definition:
(n.) Alt. of Tranquillizer
Example Sentences:
(1) The pharmacological examination showed that the new compounds are deprived of the hypnotic activity characteristic for 3,3'-spirobi-5-methyltetrahydrofuranone-2 (2) and behaved in most tests as tranquillizers.
(2) The magnitude of enzyme activation by DZM and CDP appear to correlate with their relative potency of tranquilizing effect.
(3) The recognition that all minor tranquillizers carry the risk of dependence has had a significant impact in their prescription over the years.
(4) Contrary to other studies, central nervous system stimulants are not the most widely prescribed psychoactive drugs in childhood and adolescence, but rather, minor tranquilizers, sedatives and hypnotics are the most widely prescribed psychoactive drugs.
(5) It is important to maintain a perspective of dependence on minor tranquillizers, particularly as attitudes are in danger of being distorted by excessive media attention.
(6) Therefore it is not surprising that drugs - notably the barbiturates and more recently the benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) - have been prescribed to give to the brain that peace of mind that it seeks.
(7) The use of major tranquilizers also decreased significantly (-23%) on Gotland.
(8) The only individual factor independently associated with use of minor tranquilizers was mental health status.
(9) In the rural tranquillity of Jamaica, people routinely reach the high 90s and a great many make 100.
(10) The authors propose a differential approach to the treatment of the identified disorders including the use of tranquilizers, antidepressants, neuroleptics and nootropic drugs, as well as methods of rational psychotherapy.
(11) To determine the effect of relaxation training on the frequency of intake of pro re nata medication for relief of tension and to compare the difference between live and taped instructions of this training 60 patients on PRN minor tranquilizers and sedatives in one nursing unit were studied.
(12) LH may be decreased subsequent to treatment with oral contraceptives or phenothiazine tranquilizers and in a few other conditions.
(13) When relating the results to comparable research on the effects of alcohol, tranquilizers and stimulants, it is concluded that with Neoston in the relatively high dosage as used here, no real detrimental effects on traffic safety are to be expected.
(14) A good agreement was established between the anxiolytic (tranquilizing) effect of phenazepam after administration to rats per os and the rate of its supply to the systemic blood flow.
(15) They made the hypothesis that if a tranquillizing drug were administered the operative level of neuroticism would be decreased, and as a consequence the level of susceptibility of neurotic extraverts would be raised, and that of neurotic introverts lowered.
(16) Beta-blockers reduced HR increases due to mental stress, whereas the minor tranquilizer reduced skin conductance level throughout the whole trial.
(17) In our hands it has been used to reverse the adverse central effects of tranquilizers, antihistamines and belladonna alkaloids.
(18) The modulators are the wellknown drugs: diazepam which is a facilitator of some of the GABA receptors, and used clinically for its tranquilizing, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic and anti-convulsant properties; sodium valproate which is known to enhance the GABA synapse function, and used clinically for its anti-convulsant property; haloperidol which is a dopaminergic receptor (D2) blocker, and clinically used for its anti-psychotic property; cyproheptadine which is both anti-histaminic and anti-serotonergic (blocks 5-HT2 receptor), used clinically for its antihistaminic and other beneficial properties; and hydrocortisone which is the stress-resisting glucocorticoid having direct effects on both brain and body cells, used clinically for the wide-ranging glucocorticoid therapeutic effects.
(19) An analysis has been made of individual purchases of hypnotics, sedatives and minor tranquilizers made during 1973 by patients who had bought such drugs either only once (group S, n= 417) or regularly (group R, n=76) during a 16-month period five years earlier from pharmacies in the town of Ostersund, county of Jmtland, Sweden.
(20) Increased risk for glioma was associated with rural residence, history of a positive tuberculosis skin test and consumption of pork products; increased meningioma risk was associated with a positive reaction to a tuberculosis skin test, previous stroke, use of tranquillizers and a vegetarian life-style in childhood.