What's the difference between apatite and brushite?
Apatite
Definition:
(n.) Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thirty-eight fluids were found to have crystals (monosodium urate (MSU) in 15, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in 5, CPPD plus apatite-like crystals in 9, apatite-like clumps alone in 8 and lipid liquid in 1).
(2) Collagen and apatite have been extracted from full bone using well known methods.
(3) These results show that Mg-containing apatites dissolve to a greater extent than Mg-free apatites with the subsequent reprecipitation of Mg-poor apatites.
(4) Both in the HA and the dental mineral systems, the results are consistent with the precipitation of another carbonate-containing apatitic phase during equilibration.
(5) Pure monoclinic or triclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals, apatite crystals or mixtures of these crystals were injected into the synovial-like space created by the rat air pouch to compare the acute inflammation induced by these crystals.
(6) The findings in X-ray analysis had the best correlation with chemical analysis, which was applied mainly to the detection of apatite.
(7) Three presented atypically with calcific periarthritis (due to apatite) in the absence of osteopenia; two had classical presentation with osteopenic fracture; and one was the asymptomatic father of one of the patients with calcific periarthritis.
(8) The radiographic feature is characteristic, and the examination of the material removed from synovial sheath or from calcific deposits allows apatite crystals to be identified.
(9) The findings evidence changed ratio and concentrations of chemical elements and complexes (apatite phases) in the mineral component structure.
(10) The results of the present constant composition (CC) studies show that defect apatites may be formed under conditions of sustained supersaturation with a non-stoichiometric coefficient dependent on the pH of the growth medium.
(11) On histologic examination, the one and two-day-old infarcts exhibited subendocardially located central zones and surrounding peripheral zones, both of which showed distinctive histopathological and histochemical features, including the selective occurrence in the peripheral zones of calcified muscle cells with ultrastructurally demonstrable apatite-like crystals in mitochondria.
(12) The surface is stabilized, i.e., leaching is retarded, by the rapid Ca,P-accumulation within the silica structure before apatite crystals are observed on the surface.
(13) On the other hand, synchrotron X-ray diffraction data clearly indicate that apatite lattice parameters do not change as the crystals get larger.
(14) The present study was undertaken to determine the adsorption isotherms of Mg ions onto synthetic apatites and biominerals in tooth and bone tissues in the presence of other ions of natural occurrence.
(15) The loss of the organic phosphate groups significantly increased the operational lag time, but did not abolish nucleation of apatite crystals by the bone collagen fibrils essentially devoid of Ser(P) and Thr(P).
(16) Synthetic hydroxyapatite has long been used in chromatography because of the bonding capacity apatite surface has for certain proteins and polynucleotides.
(17) A large number of trace elements has been found in calcium stones (whewellite, weddellite, and apatite) and in struvite.
(18) The heats of adsorption of small molecules on bone and apatite surfaces show that these materials have polarizing surfaces which form strong bonds with polar and polarizable molecules.
(19) Fe-containing fluoridated apatites were less well crystallized than Fe-free fluoridated apatites.
(20) The results of kinetic studies are presented for two forms of soluble 3':5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase, obtained by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyl apatite chromography.
Brushite
Definition:
(n.) A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium.
Example Sentences:
(1) Analytical scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction disclosed that well-crystallized brushite is the major compound of the spherulites.
(2) The birefringence corresponds to that of brushite (Ca HPO4 X 2 H2O).
(3) It was concluded that precipitation of brushite, and a preferential dissolution of Na and Mg compounds from the enamel both play a role in the dissolution-precipitation reactions in dental enamel during acid attack.
(4) No transformation of apatite to brushite was identified in apatite-brushite mixtures at pH 6-4.
(5) Composition of the stone may also alter the success of treatment (with cystine, calcium oxalate monohydrate, and brushite stones being resistant to treatment).
(6) This suggests that in enamel brushite rather than octacalcium phosphate is the precursor phase of the mineral.
(7) Samples of simulated high-fluoride drinking waters, approximately 10 ppm F, were saturated with brushite, resulting in a state of supersaturation with respect to fluorapatite.
(8) Salicyl and gentiso derivatives favour the formation of brushite together with struvite and apatite.
(9) Brushite was observed in this callus beside apatite, and the number of crystals found was less than in physiological nature bone.
(10) The activity product of [Ca(2+)] x [HPO(4) (2-)] necessary to produce a precipitate ranged from 2.2 to 3.5 times the solubility product of brushite, but the range and mean were the same for both groups of subjects.
(11) The activity product ratios of brushite and calcium oxalate were significantly elevated in stone-forming groups, largely because of the high renal excretion of calcium.
(12) These crystals identified as brushite (CaHPO4-2H2O:dicalcium phosphate dihydrate: DCPD) were found in four subjects.
(13) Moreover, potassium citrate decreased urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and uric acid, although it slightly increased that of brushite.
(14) The highest degree of urinary supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and brushite at which secondary nucleation and growth of small amounts of COM and hydroxyapatite (HAP) are inhibited was determined by new and simple methods.
(15) In the enamel apatite suspensions, the apatite ion product altered with pH, which explained why apatite did not transform to brushite at pH 5-4.
(16) Similar results to those of series 1 were recorded but, in addition, calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT) precipitated in the pH range 3 to 6.5 and brushite at pH greater than 5.5.
(17) Urinary Brushite saturation was generally low and showed no significant differences between the two mineral waters.
(18) Brushite (CaHPO(4).2H(2)O) was considered to govern the formation of renal calculus of calcium phosphate origin.
(19) The polypeptides of encephalomyocarditis, Mouse-Elberfeld and type 5 rhinoviruses behave similarly when chromatographed on calcium phosphate (brushite), each being eluted by a linear phosphate buffer gradient containing sodium dodecyl sulphate in three major peaks, CI, C2 and C3.
(20) Of the brushite stones 61% appeared hyperdense on x-ray but they had no consistent shape.