(1) ELISA, cDNA dot blot hybridization and transmission by vector aphids were used to investigate the occurrence and degree of cross-protection produced in oat plants by virus isolates representing five strains or serotypes of barley yellow dwarf virus, namely PAV, MAV, SGV, RPV and RMV.
(2) These blocks may be responsible for the substantial differences between the ordinary and Andean strains at the symptom and aphid transmissibility levels.
(3) The results are discussed in relation with the nutritional needs in vitamins and the action of the vitamins in the mineral nutrition of the aphid.
(4) The involvement of this mutation in aphid transmission and virus multiplication is discussed.
(5) The proteolytic cleavage of potyvirus coat N-terminal region is discussed with relation to host recovery and aphid transmission.
(6) Aphids were unable to transmit the resultant hybrid virus which had the TVMV-NAT coat protein, although the concentration and infectivity of the hybrid virus in the source plants were similar to those of TVMV-AT.
(7) The tiny wasps lay their eggs in the aphids, which are then eaten by the hatching grubs.
(8) The 28 S aphid rRNA differs from those of the other insects in two points: (1) it lacks the primary nick; (2) it is larger by 0.2 - 106 daltons.
(9) Homogenates of resistant aphids hydrolysed paraoxon 60 times faster than did those of susceptible aphids, yet the purified enzymes from both sources had identical catalytic-centre activities towards this substrate and also towards naphth-1-yl acetate, the latter being hydrolysed by both 2x10(6) times faster than paraoxon.
(10) A portion of the gene coding for the 16S ribosomal RNA from the endosymbionts of three species of mealybugs [Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn), and Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Beardsley)] was cloned, sequenced, and compared to a homologous fragment from bacteria representative of aphid endosymbionts as well as major subdivisions of the Proteobacteria.
(11) Wild-caught Phlebotomus ariasi Tonnoir, starved until their sugar meals had been digested, were caged for 24 h with plants or plants infested with aphids and then tested for fructose, a constituent of plant sap.
(12) The results are discussed in relation to the temporal instability of local patterns and persistence of genetic variability on the large scale in aphids.
(13) The GM wheat at Rothamsted is modified to produce a scent undetectable to the human nose, which the main wheat pests, such as greenfly and blackfly aphids, release when under attack from predators.
(14) It scares off aphids and attracts predators that will kill off the aphids that didn't heed the first warning.
(15) Along with the faculty of these ants to inform their nestmates of the food source, a certain continuity in care of the aphides is ensured.
(16) Turnip leaves infected with the aphid transmissible isolate of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV Cabb B-JI) showed two types of virus-containing inclusion bodies (IBs), which differed morphologically and in their protein composition when analyzed by immunogold labeling of ultrathin sections.
(17) MAb PTY 1 reacted with all 55 potyvirus isolates tested (representing at least 33 different and distinct aphid-transmissible potyviruses).
(18) In order to determine why the aphid 28S rRNA lacks the hidden break otherwise found in insects, the structure of the region of the aphid ribosomal DNA (rDNA) corresponding to the gap region, which in other insect rDNA transcripts is excised posttranscriptionally, was studied.
(19) "Aphids use an alarm pheromone which when they're attacked by ladybirds and parasitic wasps causes them to disperse.
(20) For good measure, E-beta-farnesene also attracts aphid predators such as ladybirds and wasps.
Cantharides
Definition:
(n. pl.) See Cantharis.
(pl. ) of Cantharis
Example Sentences:
(1) Phagocytic activity of macrophages obtained directly from blisters induced by cantharide was studied in 19 normal women and 21 patients with untreated operable carcinoma of the breast.
(2) A fatal case of attempting to procure abortion by the ingestion of the crude extract of cantharides from over 200 dried Mylabris phalerata is presented.
(3) A case of fatal poisoning due to voluntary ingestion of cantharides powder for aphrodisiac purposes is reported.
(4) Two gonococcal strains with differing susceptibility to cefotiam and ceftizoxime, as expressed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), are exposed to continuously changing concentrations of these antibiotics as they are found in plasma and skin cantharidal blister fluid (CBF) after a single intramuscular application of 1 g. Under the conditions of the plasma level profiles, bacterial density is always greatly but not totally reduced, already during the first 1-1.5 h it declines by 99%.
(5) The pharmacokinetics of intravenous (bolus) temocillin 1 g were studied in 6 healthy male volunteers, and a cantharides blister method was used to estimate tissue penetration of the antibiotic.
(6) Skin blisters were produced by the cantharides technique, using patches with cantharidin ointment.
(7) Blood and urine samples collected during the 30 h of survival, as well as the cantharides product, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
(8) Cantharide acantholysis may be useful model for studying desmosomal turnover.
(9) Suction- and cantharides-induced blister fluid levels declined in parallel.
(10) In order to find a less toxic analogue of cantharidin, its hydrolytic compound, disodium cantharidate, and its demethylated form, norcantharidin, were prepared.
(11) In clinical studies, antihepatoma effectiveness sequentially increased from cantharidin to disodium cantharidate to norcantharidin.
(12) To evaluate cefotiam concentrations at the active site in skin and soft-tissue infections, drug levels in skin suction blister fluid (SBF), cantharides blister fluid (CBF) and serum were determined.
(13) injection of cephalosporins may be of comparable gonocidal effect, levels of cefodizime, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, in serum and tissue fluid (suction blister and cantharides blister fluid) were determined in six healthy men.
(14) The results show that endothal and cantharidic acid act directly and cause similar biochemical changes in mouse liver in vivo.
(15) Disodium cantharidate showed less urinary irritation than cantharidin while norcantharidin showed little to no such irritation.
(16) Two Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains with differing susceptibility to penicillin G as expressed by the minimum inhibitory concentration were exposed in vitro over a period of 8 h to the continuously changing concentrations of ofloxacin achieved in human serum and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) after the single oral application of 600 mg.
(17) Theophylline levels in plasma, erythrocytes and cantharides-induced blister fluid (BF) have been correlated with peak expiratory flow (PEF) in asthmatic patients.
(18) Itraconazole binding in suction-induced blister fluid (99.54%) and cantharides-induced blister fluid (99.77%) was calculated from plasma protein binding (99.8%).
(19) Concentrations in serum, urine and cantharides-induced inflammatory fluid were determined by microbiological assay.
(20) To evaluate its active concentrations in skin tissue, serum, suction blister fluid (SBF), and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) levels of total and non-protein bound ketoconazole were determined.