(1) In recent studies, we have found that Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc residues are abundant on red cells and nucleated cells of nonprimate mammals, prosimians, and New World monkeys, but their expression is diminished in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.
(2) The sequence of the murine protein differs from that of the human protein in 10% of residues, and it may be presumed that some of these differences are responsible for the inability of gibbon ape leukemia virus to infect mouse fibroblasts.
(3) Other differences in cytoarchitecture, within the great apes and humans, include decreases in the small and giant cell populations of the cochlear complex.
(4) In order to analyse possible mechanisms of N-action of these factors, we have cultured APE explants for 3 or 18 h in the medium containing various concentrations of con A, PHA of EBDNF.
(5) We are by far the most successful of the great apes and have pushed our cousins right up against the wall.
(6) Finally, the M. fuscata replication sequence presented here will provide a necessary foundation for future comparisons between apes and man.
(7) Miocene hominoids from Europe are among the earliest members of the great ape and human clade (the Hominidae).
(8) 4-[[N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-butynyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343) and N-ethyl-guvacine propargyl ester (NEN-APE) produced minimal or no arteriolar vasodilation.
(9) Gibbons that acquired infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus, either naturally by exposure to a virus-shedding ape or experimentally by deliberate virus inoculation, had the same levels of serum lytic activity as did unexposed gibbons that had no detectable antibodies to gibbon ape leukemia virus.
(10) After this separation, the ancestral DRB1 gene of the DRw52 group duplicated in the Old World monkey lineage to give rise to genes at three loci at least, while in the ape lineage this gene may have remained single and diverged into a number of alleles instead.
(11) The results conform to the general pattern that great apes exhibit many cognitive skills comparable to those of 2-year-old humans.
(12) They adhered to and, when capacitated, penetrated the vestments of the oocyte of an ape--the gibbon, Hylobates lar--both in vivo and in vitro.
(13) Relative to human, no translocations were detected in great apes, except for the well-known fusion-origin of human chromosome 2 and a 5;17 translocation in the gorilla.
(14) Replacement of the N-methyl group in arecoline and APE by larger substituents (ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, benzyl, phenylethyl) as well as N-methylation resulted in a decrease or even a complete loss of agonistic activity.
(15) The deflecting wrinkle is a well-known character state of the lower m2 and M1 of the human dentition, but there is little information regarding its presence in great apes.
(16) She had no idea what she was saying.” The girl, Julia, was escorted from the ground by security guards after she was identified by Goodes as having called him an “ape” .
(17) Gonococci attached to, damaged, and invaded the oviduct (fallopian tube) mucosa of chimpanzees (which are apes) but not the oviduct mucosa of baboons (which are monkeys).
(18) The TLC analysis indicated that the oligomer produced by APE is not identical to the 2'-5' oligoadenylate.
(19) All positive sera from gibbon apes reacted as HSV-1 positive.
(20) Little evidence exists that apes can use symbols as names, that is, as a means of simply transmitting information.
Mimicry
Definition:
(n.) The act or practice of one who mimics; ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule.
(n.) Protective resemblance; the resemblance which certain animals and plants exhibit to other animals and plants or to the natural objects among which they live, -- a characteristic which serves as their chief means of protection against enemies; imitation; mimesis; mimetism.
Example Sentences:
(1) Antigenic mimicry by T. cruzi antigens sharing epitopes with host macromolecules has been implicated in the pathogenesis which is thought to have a significant autoimmune component.
(2) To investigate the possible involvement of epitopes shared by microbial antigens and host self-components in initiation of autoimmunity (molecular mimicry), a sequence data bank was screened for proteins containing an amino acid motif identical or related to ERKRR.
(3) The homology thus revealed not only lends strong support to mechanisms of autoimmunity that invoke the theory of molecular mimicry of viral proteins, but also suggests a rationale for the skeletal muscle target of polymyositis.
(4) They include antigenic variation, antigenic polymorphism, antigenic mimicry and direct interference with the generation of the host immune response.
(5) The basis of the stimulation of this group of autoantibodies is at least in part due to antigenic mimicry between the envelope protein VP3 of LDV and determinants of intermediate filaments, since a panel of monoclonal antibodies cross-reacts with both.
(6) The role of molecular mimicry in the spondyloarthropathies was investigated with respect to the epitopes involved.
(7) The possibility of molecular mimicry (antibody cross-reactivity between LCM and RBC membrane epitopes) was considered but appeared unlikely since the RBC antibody eluates gave no signal in an LCM-specific ELISA (which showed an ever increasing serum titer of virus-specific antibody).
(8) To examine how mimicry was influenced by a person's power and the status of those around them, Carr asked 55 volunteers to watch videos of high-status people (such as a doctor or business leader) or low-status people (a worker in a fast food restaurant, say, or a rubbish collector) either being happy or angry.
(9) Although several means have been hypothesized to play a role in disease, a widely accepted mechanism for viral-induced autoimmunity is molecular mimicry.
(10) In an effort to understand the structural basis for antigen mimicry by internal image antibodies, we determined the variable (V) region sequences of two mouse mAbs that mimic the rabbit Ig a1 allotype.
(11) Phenotypic switching and molecular mimicry may also provide the organism with an arsenal of mechanisms to evade host defenses.
(12) The binding of antibodies in the sera of patients with Lyme arthritis to the NH2-terminal region of the flagellar protein, a region with sequence homology to the flagellar proteins of other bacterial species, suggests the possibility that antigenic mimicry contributes to the immunopathogenesis of Lyme disease.
(13) Antigenic mimicry has been demonstrated to be operative, since they are cross-reactive to viral proteins.
(14) Although the thickness of the soft tissue is dependent on exogenous factors, such as nutrition, mimicry, and so forth, the dimensions of the bony nose apparently also influence the skin depths to some extent.
(15) Molecular mimicry or epitope similarity between group A streptococcal M proteins and myosin may contribute to the presence of heart reactive antibodies in acute rheumatic fever.
(16) Our results show that the macromolecular assemblage approach bears immunological mimicry of the gp120 of HIV virus and may lead to useful vaccines against HIV infection.
(17) Variations in the antigenic behaviour of parasites and their immunological mimicry by uptake of substances from the host and their immunosuppressive action are discussed.
(18) Hence it is not likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of HAM through molecular mimicry.
(19) It has been suggested that molecular mimicry might be a reason for autoimmunity as a result of immunological cross reactivity.
(20) Other mechanisms including antigenic mimicry by capsular polysaccharides and antigenic masquerade by immunoglobulin fragments confer additional resistance to the extracellular life style of these organisms.