What's the difference between apodeme and apophysis?
Apodeme
Definition:
(n.) One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.
Example Sentences:
(1) Immunofluorescence microscopy located it to embryonic basement membranes, particularly to the sequentially invaginated envelope of the central nervous system, muscle apodemes and dorsal median cell processes.
(2) Simultaneous recordings from certain spiking local interneurons and certain flexor motor neurons show that they receive many synaptic potentials in common and are driven in a parallel fashion by movements of the receptor apodeme.
(3) In contrast to many insect muscles which are simple (consisting of only a single bundle of muscle fibers), the ETi is a complex muscle which consists of an array of bundles of muscle fibers, each with a separate site of insertion on the body wall ectoderm and on the ETi apodeme ectoderm.
(4) Afferents excited by a movement of the receptor apodeme that is equivalent to an imposed extension of the femorotibial joint excite flexor tibiae motor neurons and some spiking local interneurons with cell bodies at the ventral midline of the metathoracic ganglion.
(5) Earlier work has shown that it is possible to determine the calendar age of Culex and Aedes mosquitos by counting the daily layers of cuticular growth on the inner apodemes.
(6) Subsequent growth occurs by symmetrical addition of MPs distally along the sides of the developing apodeme and by enlargement of the individual MPs.
(7) Both are complex, consisting of an array of bundles of muscle fibers connecting the ectoderm of the wall of the femur with their respective apodemes.
(8) A new method of determining age in certain Diptera, including Culex and Aedes mosquitos, involves counting-sometimes with the aid of staining techniques-the layers of cuticle growth that form daily at different points (inner apodemes) of the skeleton.
(9) The extensor tibiae muscle produces a maximum isometric force of over 15 N at 30 degrees C and, when loaded with the extensor apodeme and semilunar processes, attains this force in 0.3 sec with a strain of 0.8 mm.
(10) The semilunar processes of each metafemur store 4 mJ at a stress of 15 N, and the extensor tibiae apodeme stores a further 3 mJ at the same stress.
(11) This MP then dramatically expands around the developing apodeme to form a large horseshoe-shaped, multinucleate cell, called the supramuscle pioneer (supra-MP); the number of nuclei in the supra-MP increases by cell fusion rather than by nuclear division.
(12) The former species is very similar to Caminacarus deirochelys but differs in the form of the dorsal shield which has longer lateral elongations and the median dorsal elongation does not extend to the genital sclerite, structure of the anterodorsal wall of the gnathosomal base which is closed forming a ringlike apodeme, and structure of the tarsal setae as well as the presence of one additional seta on the dorsal surface of tarsus III.
(13) Furthermore, all chordotonal organs and the apodemes are marked by beta 1 tubulin.
(14) We have used the I-5 monoclonal antibody (which specifically labels the MPs as well as the nerve pathways), HRP immunocytochemistry, and Normarski optics to visualize muscle, nerve, and apodeme development in the embryonic metathoracic limb bud from 27.5% (before the appearance of the MPs) to 55% (after the muscles have attained their basic adult pattern).
(15) We used daily growth bands on the thoracic apodemes to estimate age and survival of Culex pipiens s.l.
(16) The FlTi MPs first appear as two cells symmetrically placed on the corners of the FlTi apodeme at around 37%.
(17) In the intron between +0.44 kb and +2.5 kb enhancer elements are located that drive the expression in the chordotonal organs and the apodemes.
(18) The ligament cells are, themselves, attached to an apodeme that extends in from the tibia.
(19) In this first paper, we present an overview of the development of muscles, nerves, and apodemes (tendons).
(20) By about 50% of embryonic development the ETi supra-MP consists of a periodic series of bridges (cytoplasmic extensions) connecting the leg wall ectoderm with the apodeme, and linked into a giant syncytium near their inner, apodeme surface by a thin layer of cytoplasm containing hundreds of nuclei.
Apophysis
Definition:
(n.) A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone.
(n.) An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses.
Example Sentences:
(1) All patients had the apex of the odontoid apophysis above McGregor's line, 4 mm in the case 9, and 10 mm or more in the others.
(2) It has been considered to be the result of a fracture of the posterior ring apophysis in association with a herniated disc.
(3) When compared with normal age- and sex-matched subjects, preoperative bone mineral content was decreased by more than 1 SD in 24 patients 3 cm from the styloid apophysis (distal site) and in 23 patients 8 cm from the styloid apophysis (proximal site).
(4) The state of maturation of the iliac crest apophysis, together with clinical observations of secondary sexual maturation, permit an accurate assessment of skeletal maturation without the need for wrist and hand roentgenograms.
(5) This indicates that growth disturbance of the greater trochanteric apophysis as a result of plate fixation leads to long-term deformity.
(6) The author published a case of cholesteatoma of the middle ear occurring a few months after head injury with fracture of the mastoid apophysis.
(7) Typical areas are the inferior pole of the patella, the tibial tubercle and the calcaneal apophysis.
(8) The styloid syndrome is caused by an irritation of the glossopharyngeal nerve from an excessive development of the styloid apophysis.
(9) A number of points emerge from a review of the literature which are vital to isolate the spinal accessory nerve: 1) the transversal apophysis of the atlas is particularly prominent in the retrostyloid space and lies half-way across an imaginary horizontal segment connecting the mastoid process with the angle of the mandible; 2) the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at approximately six centimetres from the mastoid process; 3) the nervous point of Erb located at the point where the superficial branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (the nerve generally emerges from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle two centimetres above this point and two centimetres below it the nerve meets the anterior edge of the trapezius).
(10) First described in adolescents, this entity was considered as a traumatic fracture of the posterior ring apophysis.
(11) In children, before fusion of the apophysis, there may be an apophyseolysis.
(12) Two variations were mainly observed: the transverse mega-apophysis and the cervical rib.
(13) Fractures of the lumbar vertebral limbus involve varying degrees of fragmentation of the peripheral ring apophysis, located at the posterior superior or posterior inferior margins of the mid to lower lumbar vertebrae.
(14) The studies revealed that the incorporation of 35S within the apophysis of the iliac crest was similar to that seen within pressure epiphyses, being heaviest in the proliferating and hypertrophying cells in the growth plate and around the secondary centre of ossification.
(15) Nextly insertionstendinopathy with apophysis disorders and aseptic necrosis were also noticed.
(16) The iliac wing, with its attached apophysis, was transplanted to the defect in the medial condyle.
(17) The external orbital apophysis provides a zone of solid anchorage for the treatment of fractures as well as for the immobilization of osseous fragments after facial osteotomy.
(18) The authors describe three pathological entities affecting the apophysis of the ischial tuberosity observed in young athletes.
(19) Avulsion of the superior apophysis occurs after flexion, while extension trauma causes avulsion of the inferior ring apophysis.
(20) Risser's sign, a measure of the excursion of the iliac crest apophysis, has been used to estimate remaining skeletal growth.