What's the difference between apodeme and exoskeleton?
Apodeme
Definition:
(n.) One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.
Example Sentences:
(1) Immunofluorescence microscopy located it to embryonic basement membranes, particularly to the sequentially invaginated envelope of the central nervous system, muscle apodemes and dorsal median cell processes.
(2) Simultaneous recordings from certain spiking local interneurons and certain flexor motor neurons show that they receive many synaptic potentials in common and are driven in a parallel fashion by movements of the receptor apodeme.
(3) In contrast to many insect muscles which are simple (consisting of only a single bundle of muscle fibers), the ETi is a complex muscle which consists of an array of bundles of muscle fibers, each with a separate site of insertion on the body wall ectoderm and on the ETi apodeme ectoderm.
(4) Afferents excited by a movement of the receptor apodeme that is equivalent to an imposed extension of the femorotibial joint excite flexor tibiae motor neurons and some spiking local interneurons with cell bodies at the ventral midline of the metathoracic ganglion.
(5) Earlier work has shown that it is possible to determine the calendar age of Culex and Aedes mosquitos by counting the daily layers of cuticular growth on the inner apodemes.
(6) Subsequent growth occurs by symmetrical addition of MPs distally along the sides of the developing apodeme and by enlargement of the individual MPs.
(7) Both are complex, consisting of an array of bundles of muscle fibers connecting the ectoderm of the wall of the femur with their respective apodemes.
(8) A new method of determining age in certain Diptera, including Culex and Aedes mosquitos, involves counting-sometimes with the aid of staining techniques-the layers of cuticle growth that form daily at different points (inner apodemes) of the skeleton.
(9) The extensor tibiae muscle produces a maximum isometric force of over 15 N at 30 degrees C and, when loaded with the extensor apodeme and semilunar processes, attains this force in 0.3 sec with a strain of 0.8 mm.
(10) The semilunar processes of each metafemur store 4 mJ at a stress of 15 N, and the extensor tibiae apodeme stores a further 3 mJ at the same stress.
(11) This MP then dramatically expands around the developing apodeme to form a large horseshoe-shaped, multinucleate cell, called the supramuscle pioneer (supra-MP); the number of nuclei in the supra-MP increases by cell fusion rather than by nuclear division.
(12) The former species is very similar to Caminacarus deirochelys but differs in the form of the dorsal shield which has longer lateral elongations and the median dorsal elongation does not extend to the genital sclerite, structure of the anterodorsal wall of the gnathosomal base which is closed forming a ringlike apodeme, and structure of the tarsal setae as well as the presence of one additional seta on the dorsal surface of tarsus III.
(13) Furthermore, all chordotonal organs and the apodemes are marked by beta 1 tubulin.
(14) We have used the I-5 monoclonal antibody (which specifically labels the MPs as well as the nerve pathways), HRP immunocytochemistry, and Normarski optics to visualize muscle, nerve, and apodeme development in the embryonic metathoracic limb bud from 27.5% (before the appearance of the MPs) to 55% (after the muscles have attained their basic adult pattern).
(15) We used daily growth bands on the thoracic apodemes to estimate age and survival of Culex pipiens s.l.
(16) The FlTi MPs first appear as two cells symmetrically placed on the corners of the FlTi apodeme at around 37%.
(17) In the intron between +0.44 kb and +2.5 kb enhancer elements are located that drive the expression in the chordotonal organs and the apodemes.
(18) The ligament cells are, themselves, attached to an apodeme that extends in from the tibia.
(19) In this first paper, we present an overview of the development of muscles, nerves, and apodemes (tendons).
(20) By about 50% of embryonic development the ETi supra-MP consists of a periodic series of bridges (cytoplasmic extensions) connecting the leg wall ectoderm with the apodeme, and linked into a giant syncytium near their inner, apodeme surface by a thin layer of cytoplasm containing hundreds of nuclei.
Exoskeleton
Definition:
(n.) The hardened parts of the external integument of an animal, including hair, feathers, nails, horns, scales, etc.,as well as the armor of armadillos and many reptiles, and the shells or hardened integument of numerous invertebrates; external skeleton; dermoskeleton.
Example Sentences:
(1) King crabs (Family Lithodidae) are among the world's largest arthropods, having a crab-like morphology and a strongly calcified exoskeleton.
(2) "It confirms our prediction that we are going to elicit a sensation that the exoskeleton is an extension of their body," Nicolelis said.
(3) These principles may look tricksy or artificial when described rather than experienced but are not, says Catton, an "exoskeleton" – rather they are entirely bound up with the ideas of the book.
(4) In view of the small molecular size and high lipid solubility of methyl mercury and the lipophilic properties of the chitin-protein exoskeleton of the lobster, it is likely that significant uptake directly from the water as well as storage of absorbed methyl mercury occurred in the tail region.
(5) Freed of the need to wave their tentacles around to hunt for food, the coral can devote more energy to secreting the mineral calcium carbonate, from which they form a stony exoskeleton.
(6) The exoskeleton is fitted with multiple gyros to stop it falling over during the balancing act of bipedal walking.
(7) Replicas of porous hydroxyapatite that had been obtained after hydrothermal conversion of the calcium carbonate exoskeleton of coral (genus Goniopora) were implanted intramuscularly in twenty-four adult male baboons (Papio ursinus).
(8) Wild P. monodon exoskeleton contained on average 26.3 ppm total carotenoid; normally pigmented farmed shrimp had a similar concentration (25.3 ppm).
(9) Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues.
(10) Yet Ekso is notable not only for its technology and the price tag (£100,000 for the exoskeleton which it hopes to lower to £50,000 within the next two years), but its ambitious plans.
(11) The robotics work was coordinated by Gordon Cheng at the Technical University in Munich, and French researchers built the exoskeleton.
(12) Spores of T. cylindrosporum are able to adhere to the exoskeleton and penetrate it.
(13) Solubilization of the exoskeleton occurs around an area of the elaborately infolded surface membrane at the anterior of the organism.
(14) If the sight of Robert Downey Jr summoning his Iron Man accessories from across a room gave you a taste for having your own powered exoskeleton, your wish may soon be granted.
(15) Soldiers wearing bionic exoskeletons leap over trucks, firing bizarre “directed energy” weapons that send out fatal force waves.
(16) In an age when Tony Stark's exoskeleton tops the box-office charts in Avengers Assemble, and Pistorius competes in both the Olympics and Paralympics, Ekso thinks there's a demand for robotic suits that not only aid disabled people, but enhance the abilities of everyone.
(17) Two bursts of exoskeleton hardening and growth of the poison gland apparatus corresponds with a transitional period in the behavioral development of workers and finally with their development into nest defenders and foragers.
(18) We realized however, that these studies may not have fully appreciated the structure of the insect exoskeleton.
(19) But this is just one of the stories emerging: see also 3Ders' piece on a four-year old called Hannah , with a condition called arthrogryposis that limits her ability to lift her arms unaided, but who now has a Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX for short) to help, made using 3D printing.
(20) Campaniform sensilla are proprioceptive mechanoreceptors associated with the exoskeleton.