(n.) A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone.
(n.) An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses.
Example Sentences:
(1) All patients had the apex of the odontoid apophysis above McGregor's line, 4 mm in the case 9, and 10 mm or more in the others.
(2) It has been considered to be the result of a fracture of the posterior ring apophysis in association with a herniated disc.
(3) When compared with normal age- and sex-matched subjects, preoperative bone mineral content was decreased by more than 1 SD in 24 patients 3 cm from the styloid apophysis (distal site) and in 23 patients 8 cm from the styloid apophysis (proximal site).
(4) The state of maturation of the iliac crest apophysis, together with clinical observations of secondary sexual maturation, permit an accurate assessment of skeletal maturation without the need for wrist and hand roentgenograms.
(5) This indicates that growth disturbance of the greater trochanteric apophysis as a result of plate fixation leads to long-term deformity.
(6) The author published a case of cholesteatoma of the middle ear occurring a few months after head injury with fracture of the mastoid apophysis.
(7) Typical areas are the inferior pole of the patella, the tibial tubercle and the calcaneal apophysis.
(8) The styloid syndrome is caused by an irritation of the glossopharyngeal nerve from an excessive development of the styloid apophysis.
(9) A number of points emerge from a review of the literature which are vital to isolate the spinal accessory nerve: 1) the transversal apophysis of the atlas is particularly prominent in the retrostyloid space and lies half-way across an imaginary horizontal segment connecting the mastoid process with the angle of the mandible; 2) the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at approximately six centimetres from the mastoid process; 3) the nervous point of Erb located at the point where the superficial branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (the nerve generally emerges from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle two centimetres above this point and two centimetres below it the nerve meets the anterior edge of the trapezius).
(10) First described in adolescents, this entity was considered as a traumatic fracture of the posterior ring apophysis.
(11) In children, before fusion of the apophysis, there may be an apophyseolysis.
(12) Two variations were mainly observed: the transverse mega-apophysis and the cervical rib.
(13) Fractures of the lumbar vertebral limbus involve varying degrees of fragmentation of the peripheral ring apophysis, located at the posterior superior or posterior inferior margins of the mid to lower lumbar vertebrae.
(14) The studies revealed that the incorporation of 35S within the apophysis of the iliac crest was similar to that seen within pressure epiphyses, being heaviest in the proliferating and hypertrophying cells in the growth plate and around the secondary centre of ossification.
(15) Nextly insertionstendinopathy with apophysis disorders and aseptic necrosis were also noticed.
(16) The iliac wing, with its attached apophysis, was transplanted to the defect in the medial condyle.
(17) The external orbital apophysis provides a zone of solid anchorage for the treatment of fractures as well as for the immobilization of osseous fragments after facial osteotomy.
(18) The authors describe three pathological entities affecting the apophysis of the ischial tuberosity observed in young athletes.
(19) Avulsion of the superior apophysis occurs after flexion, while extension trauma causes avulsion of the inferior ring apophysis.
(20) Risser's sign, a measure of the excursion of the iliac crest apophysis, has been used to estimate remaining skeletal growth.
Zygapophysis
Definition:
(n.) One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra.
Example Sentences:
(1) Seven out of ten consecutive patients presenting with suspected cervical headache were found to suffer pain mediated by the third occipital nerve and stemming from a C2-3 zygapophysial joint.
(2) None of the five patients with asymptomatic joints was misdiagnosed as having symptomatic zygapophysial joints.
(3) Thus, manual diagnosis by a trained manipulative therapist can be as accurate as can radiologically-controlled diagnostic blocks in the diagnosis of cervical zygapophysial syndromes.
(4) The ability of a manipulative therapist to diagnose symptomatic cervical zygapophysial joint syndromes accurately was evaluated in a series of 20 patients.
(5) Occult injury to cervical intervertebral discs, vertebral end plates and cervical zygapophysial joints may be responsible for "whiplash" symptoms in some who are involved in motor vehicle accidents.
(6) One of the putative causes of headache is osteoarthritis of the C2-3 zygapophysial joint.
(7) It was shown that some intervertebral joints do exhibit an increased ability to rotate when in some degree of sub-maximal flexion dependent on the morphology of the zygapophysial joints.
(8) Rotational ability was shown, in general, to be increased in a flexed posture, presumed to be due to an opening of the lumbar zygapophysial joints.
(9) A report of a case of haematogenous infection of a lumbar zygapophysial joint.
(10) In full flexion axial rotation is limited, most probably by tightening of the posterior ligaments and zygapophysial joint capsules.
(11) Further, when zygapophysis structure is used to define vertebral type, rather than presence or absence of rib facets, there is a substantial change in thoracic and lumbar averages that may be important from a functional (locomotion) standpoint.
(12) The manipulative therapist identified correctly all 15 patients with proven symptomatic zygapophysial joints, and specified correctly the segmental level of the symptomatic joint.
(13) Diagnostic cervical medial branch blocks and zygapophysial joint blocks were used to test the hypothesis that the cervical zygapophyseal joints can be the source of pain in patients with idiopathic neck pain.
(14) Five linear and 2 angular measurements on each of C3 to T1 in a sample of 67 human skeletons were used to examine 3 hypotheses about the function of uncinate processes and zygapophysial joints in the cervical vertebral column.
(15) The high yield of positive responders in this study probably reflects the propensity of patients with zygapophysial joint syndromes to gravitate to a pain clinic when this condition is not recognised in conventional clinical practice.