(a.) Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb.
(a.) Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise.
Example Sentences:
(1) Shaping and fine working of restorations necessitated by cervical lesions, abrasions at the necks of teeth, or root surface caries can often be arduous to complete.
(2) Greece standoff over €86bn bailout eases after Brussels deal Read more But while the bailout chiefs are poised to agree on a route map, the journey for the Greek people seems no less long and arduous.
(3) Such sentiments are not uncommon in job agencies, particularly those that specialise in factory and food work, where labour demand is variable and geographically shifting, and conditions often arduous.
(4) Although the technique is costly and arduous, grafting patients who are severely burned with cultured epidermal autografts has proved to be a life-saving measure where few alternatives exist.
(5) Kim Jong-un has little to offer in the way of policy except more of the same "Arduous march” North Koreans have had to endure since 1993.
(6) The confidence vote was but one step in a long and arduous journey to putting near-bankrupt Greece back on its feet – financially, politically and increasingly socially – barely a year after it secured €110bn (£97bn) in emergency aid, the biggest bailout in western history.
(7) After all, it was the state system that allowed an estimated one million people to starve during the ‘arduous march’ famine of the late 1990s .
(8) The etiopathogenesis is still controversial and differential diagnosis, especially from giant cell tumors of bone, is arduous.
(9) But financial constraints were arduous and interminable, and he declined the invitation to renew his contract.
(10) Legislative change is arduous and can be slow to come.
(11) John Terry insists players support José Mourinho to turn around Chelsea slump Read more Most obviously there is the fact that Mourinho is again finding being Chelsea manager for a third successive season an arduous undertaking.
(12) Click here to view video Dean Cundey, director of photography Romancing the Stone had been a very muddy, arduous shoot, so Back to the Future was simple by comparison – most of it was shot on the lot at Universal, or in neighbourhoods in Pasadena.
(13) Deficit reduction is a difficult and arduous task, which will put pressures on both business and consumers over the coming years.
(14) We are greatly heartened there will not be a long, arduous wait for the next milestone to arrive,” he said.
(15) Using Khi-2 tests and logistic models, the negative health effects of arduous shift work appear to be less than expected.
(16) | Anne Perkins Read more The failure of different providers of services to join up and share information has been highlighted repeatedly over the years; some efforts have been made, such as the integration of health and social care, but it’s often an arduous and unenviable task .
(17) This prevents unnecessary delay in treatment and makes contact tracing less arduous.
(18) Automated DNA sequencing methods using robotic workstations have been previously reported, however it is often an arduous task to import these technologies into a laboratory.
(19) The reconstruction of nasal deformities after trauma or surgical procedures presents an arduous task for the reconstructive surgeon.
(20) Freud considered the third phase to be an arduous task for the patient, and a trial of patience for the analyst, probably because of two additional determinants: (1) the patient's 'will' to change, and (2) his re-adaptation to his environment.
Confound
Definition:
(v. t.) To mingle and blend, so that different elements can not be distinguished; to confuse.
(v. t.) To mistake for another; to identify falsely.
(v. t.) To throw into confusion or disorder; to perplex; to strike with amazement; to dismay.
(v. t.) To destroy; to ruin; to waste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous studies have not always controlled for socioeconomic status (SES) of mothers or other potential confounders such as gestational age or birthweight of infants.
(2) Displacing potencies for dopamine in the nanomolar range are associated with agonist-specific D-3 receptor binding and it is predicted that the component of D-2 binding with high agonist affinity may play a confounding role in many D-3 receptor studies.
(3) Frequently, however, only incomplete data on confounders can be obtained from sources such as next-of-kin or co-workers.
(4) Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly by about 0.9 and showed no consistent trend with increased alcohol consumption.
(5) The possibility of applying Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to gustation was investigated by testing the effect of three variables--smoking, signal probability, and food intake (confounded with time of day)--on the taste sensitivity to sucrose of 24 male and 24 female Ss.
(6) They also include difficulties peculiar to the condition of mild mental retardation, including the choice of method of classification whether by IQ testing or administratively; the heterogeneous nature of the individuals so characterised; and the confounding effects of social and biological factors and the changes in the implications for the affected individual of the condition, depending on age, sex and environment.
(7) Practitioners must be aware of the potential for interactions between (and confounding by) commercially used feed components.
(8) A weakness was in not including confounding factors such as social class and the lack of detailed questions on topics.
(9) In practice, confounding by factors related to exposure opportunity is common.
(10) By using a national sample we ensured that the influence of regional variations in the configuration of long-term care services would not confound estimates of the relative effect of client-related factors.
(11) The independent effects of separation and display size, which were confounded in the Sagi and Julesz experiments, were examined.
(12) In particular, it is shown that adjustment for a misclassified confounding variable can be greatly improved by using the methods presented.
(13) Possible confounding effects of missing data, institutionalization prior to adoption, information given to adoptive parents by the adoption agencies about the child's biological background, historical period, perinatal factors, and selective placement were considered.
(14) I argue that (a) the procedures they used to study confounding were suboptimal because multiple measures of depression and catastrophizing were not employed and (b) the distinctiveness of constructs might better be regarded as a continuous rather than all-or-none (having adequate discriminant validity versus being confounded) concept.
(15) The observed relation between physical activity and colon cancer was not confounded by dietary intake of calories, fat, or protein, nor was the diet and colon cancer relation confounded by physical activity (odds ratios for calories, protein, and fat in males were 2.40, 2.57, and 2.18, respectively).
(16) It is this "multiple system failure" that compounds the effects of large scale events and confounds emergency response.
(17) To control for possible confounding variables, the authors repeated the analyses after stratifying by demographic and diagnostic variables that were distributed differently among men and women.
(18) Some recent reports implicate marijuana smoking as a cause of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, though most of the subjects were exposed to other, possibly confounding, etiologic factors, namely tobacco and alcohol.
(19) With the use of the logistic regression method, an adjusted OR was obtained after controlling various confounders.
(20) The purpose of this study was to examine the association between maternal caffeine consumption and low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity, adjusting for multiple confounders.