(a.) Having a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat; awned.
(a.) Having a slender, sharp, or spinelike tip.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hybridization analyses of selected lines revealed that genes influencing aristal branching are located on both the X chromosome and the autosomes.
(2) A small sensory ganglion, from which arises the aristal nerve, is located proximally in the shaft.
(3) Selection was successful and resulted in two lines differing by an average of six aristal branches.
(4) These thermoreceptors are often coupled with hygroreceptors; however, we can only speculate whether the second dendrite of the aristal organ also has this function.
(5) It is concluded that the number of aristal branches in Drosophila is a neutral trait (i.e., not subject to natural selection) under laboratory conditions.
(6) Polygenic control of aristal morphology is indicated by a gradual response to selection and low realized heritabilities.
(7) Barrier was found to be related to aristic, expressive creativity which seems to be related to interest in human interactions, but unrelated to creativity associated with scientific endeavors and unrelated to creative receptivity (i.e., purest adaptive regression).
(8) Two populations of D. melanogaster were selected for increased and decreased numbers of major aristal branches.
(9) They lie in the center of the disc and correspond to the neurons of the adult aristal sensillum.
(10) The fine structure of the aristal sensory organ was studied in detail in the fruitfly (Drosophila) and for comparison in the housefly (Musca) and the blowfly (Calliphora).
(11) It is generally adopted that the homoeotic gene proboscipedia causes the transformation of the distal parts of proboscis into corresponding tarsal or antennal (aristal) segments.
(12) Correlations between aristal morphology and behavior found in other selection experiments by previous investigators were likely due to linkage disequilibria.
(13) The transformation of oral lobes of proboscic into the leg is most conspicuous at 29 degrees C, while at 16 degrees C the substitution of tarsal structures by aristal ones is observed more frequently.
(14) Shifts down yielded leg tissue at the aristal base, which retreated with later shifts.
(15) Sometimes the distal parts of the homoeotic leg (segments of tarsus, claws) can coexist with or be substituted for by the aristal filaments.
(16) This suggests that neither larval leg neurons nor early aristal neurons are essential for the outgrowth of subsequent afferents.
(17) In Drosophila, the aristal sense organ consists of 3 identical sensilla that terminate in the hemolymph space of the aristal shaft, and not in an external cuticular apparatus.
(18) The aristal sense organs in Musca and Calliphora are similar to those in Drosophila, but contain more sensilla (12 in Musca, 18 in Calliphora.
(19) When selection was relaxed for 19 generations, the number of aristal branches did not revert to the number in the control line.
(20) Changes in aristal branching did not appear to have a consistent influence on geotaxis, although there was a tendency for flies with fewer aristal branches to be geonegative.
Spiny
Definition:
(a.) Full of spines; thorny; as, a spiny tree.
(a.) Like a spine in shape; slender.
(a.) Fig.: Abounding with difficulties or annoyances.
(n.) See Spinny.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results suggest that: (1) catecholaminergic (mainly dopaminergic) and prefrontal cortical terminals in the nucleus accumbens septi dually synapse on common spiny neurons; and (2) dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area receive monosynaptic input from prefrontal cortical afferents.
(2) The responses of a population of 30 olfactory receptor cells from spiny lobsters to 8 behaviorally relevant complex types of stimuli at 0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mM were analyzed using multidimensional scaling to evaluate their potential for coding quality and intensity.
(3) Extracellular responses to complex biologically relevant stimuli were recorded from 30 primary olfactory cells from excised antennules of spiny lobsters.
(4) Earlier studies identified purinergic chemoreceptors in the olfactory organ of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus.
(5) We speculate that in the adult neostriatum, the protein may be important in the remodeling of synapses onto medium spiny neurons that involve, in part, the corticostriatal pathway.
(6) Tissue from the digitiform rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, was fixed briefly by formaldehyde perfusion and studied for the specificity and localization of p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (NPP'ase) activity.
(7) Type 2 multipolar cells are large neurons endowed with numerous primary spiny dendrites constituting a wide round dendritic field and with a thick axon.
(8) Spiny seahorse lives among a rare marine plant called eelgrass, which only grows in shallow sheltered seas in south-west England.
(9) The axon of the spiny type II neuron is long and has collaterals which are poorly arborized in comparison to those of spiny type I cells.
(10) Neurons of medium size with spine-rich dendrites (spiny type I) are the most frequent type.
(11) When taken together these cases show that just over 50% of the degenerating terminals are presynaptic to spiny appendages and are located within the synaptic clusters (glomeruli) described previously (King, '76).
(12) The external surface of the hypostome possesses cnidocils, possibly sensory hairs, and small spiny protrusions surrounding the mouth; the internal surface has cylindrical microvilli, free flagella and adherent flagella.
(13) Finally, they are at variance with the classical concept which subdivides cortical neurons into projection neurons (pyramidal and spiny stellate) and interneurons (non-pyramidal, local circuit neurons).
(14) Leishmania braziliensis panamensis has been isolated in culture from one spiny-pocket mouse (Heteromys dermarestianus) out of 43 examined, proving that rodents of this genus can be reservoirs of Leishmania of the braziliensis complex as well as of mexicana in Latin America.
(15) Several types of NPY-containing neurons can be distinguished by their laminar location, by the size of their perikarya, and by the size, shape, and pattern of ramification of their processes: 1) layer I small local circuit neurons; 2) layer II granule cells; 3) aspiny stellate cells located in layers II-III and V-VI, with long, slender dendrites; 4) sparsely spiny stellate cells; 5) aspiny stellate cells with long, horizontally oriented dendrites, whose cell body is situated in layer VI; 6) Martinotti cells in areas 9, 7, and 24; and 7) multipolar neurons situated in the white matter subjacent to the cortical gray.
(16) The naturally occurring dynamics of presynaptic axon terminals were investigated in the dentate gyrus and stratum lucidum of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) during maturation, adulthood and aging.
(17) Light and electron microscopy showed intense and extensive labeling of immunoreactive calbindin-D28k in the cell bodies, dendrites, and spines of medium-sized neostriatal spiny neurons and in their axon terminals which end in the globus pallidus.
(18) The SFGS was seen to contain pyramidal neurons with spiny dendrites in the SM, together with fusiform, multipolar and horizontal neurons.
(19) Spiny extrusions are present on many of the neurons, arranged either as varicosities giving a rosary feature or clumped in small groups over the dendritic processes; these are absent at the level of the soma.
(20) This is a report of experiments which provide evidence in support of the existence of an electric sense in the echidna, or spiny anteater Tachyglossus aculeatus.