(n.) The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.
(n.) A book containing the principles of this science.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two different mental stressors were used: a mental arithmetic task with low stimulus intensity and one with high stimulus intensity characterised by more challenging instructions, a more competitive situation, and exposure to affective noise.
(2) From the patients' performance we make the following theoretical claims: that some arithmetic facts are stored in the form of individual fact representations (e.g., 9 x 4 = 36), whereas other facts are stored in the form of a general rule (e.g., 0 x N = 0); that arithmetic fact retrieval is mediated by abstract internal representations that are independent of the form in which problems are presented or responses are given; that arithmetic facts and calculation procedures are functionally independent; and that calculation algorithms may include special-case procedures that function to increase the speed or efficiency of problem solving.
(3) Staphylococcal phage types per milk sample ranged from 0 to 5, 0 to 7, and 0 to 8, with arithmetic means of 1.9, 2.3, and 2.3, respectively.
(4) This study compared changes in forearm blood flow, forearm vascular resistance, blood pressure, and heart rate elicited by mental stress (mental arithmetic) in 12 adolescents with a hypertensive parent and 13 age-matched adolescents with normotensive parents.
(5) The actual level of each variable observed during the arithmetic task was compared with the level predicted from the exercise by paired t-tests.
(6) One hundred isolates were tested in triplicate, and geometric mean MICs were plotted against arithmetic mean zone diameters and regression statistics calculated.
(7) The mean plasma values (arithmetic mean) of cadmium, lead, and mercury in industrial area were 0.53, 6.37, and 0.37 micrograms.100 ml-1 in maternal blood and 0.30, 4.82, and 0.31 micrograms.100 ml-1 in cord blood.
(8) Subjects were grouped, by using a median-split on their total mathematical performance scores, into a group of 10 low in arithmetic skill and a group of 10 high in arithmetic skill.
(9) In the 22 patients who performed 10-minute mental arithmetic, the changes persisted throughout mental exercise.
(10) The effect-addition model predicts that the combined action of two drugs is equal to the arithmetic sum of the individual effects.
(11) Neuropsychological complications occurred in conjunction with high urea levels in all patients, indicating varying degrees of impaired performance in motor tactile, receptive language, arithmetic, and intellectual functions.
(12) ADD boys with internalizing-type diagnoses had lower verbal IQs and arithmetic scores and performed more poorly on attention tasks than those without; parents also rated them more adversely.
(13) A greater degree of EEG desynchronization during mental arithmetic was found over the left hemisphere and the right occipital area.
(14) During work they were required to solve a constant flow of arithmetic problems, listen to music, or work in an unfilled control condition.
(15) Upon exiting the water, the divers did a series of arithmetic computations.
(16) When the distractor was an auditory arithmetic task, no difference emerged between the two hands for the retention of touches to the fingers; however, when the distractor was a tactual maze task executed by the right hand, asymmetry in favor of the left hand was observed.
(17) A placebo response was seen in just over half of the volunteers when the cardiovascular changes to mental arithmetic induced stress in healthy volunteers were measured.
(18) After the letter strings vanished from the screen the subjects were to press the space-bar whereby a mental arithmetic task was presented corresponding in difficulty to the preceding message.
(19) Since the arithmetic mean thickness of the tissue layers and of the air-blood barrier are the same in the two altitudinal groups, the average alveolus must have a smaller volume in the high-altitude mice.
(20) The effects of alcohol tolerance on stress sensitivity to venipuncture and mental arithmetics, on acute ethanol effects, and on ethanol-induced modifications of stress responses were tested in 44 healthy male volunteers selected according to a questionnaire as 22 high (HC) and low (LC) habitual consumers of alcohol each.
Mathematics
Definition:
(n.) That science, or class of sciences, which treats of the exact relations existing between quantities or magnitudes, and of the methods by which, in accordance with these relations, quantities sought are deducible from other quantities known or supposed; the science of spatial and quantitative relations.
Example Sentences:
(1) We present a mathematical model that is suitable to reconcile this apparent contradiction in the interpretation of the epidemiological data: the observed parallel time series for the spread of AIDS in groups with different risk of infection can be realized by computer simulation, if one assumes that the outbreak of full-blown AIDS only occurs if HIV and a certain infectious coagent (cofactor) CO are present.
(2) On the basis of mathematical models of the obtained dose-time-effect relationship, the risk of cancer occurrence due to small carcinogen doses is predicted.
(3) Unfortunately more than three quantitative data cannot be judged simultaneously without help of mathematical methods.
(4) The kinetic properties of the cell-free extracts fit mathematical models developed for in vitro systems reconstituted from purified enzymes.
(5) All of the multivariate data were treated with mathematic method of cluster analysis.
(6) Problems of calculations and predictions on more than two particles moving are known in mathematics and physics since a long time already.
(7) The normal anatomical position of the point of junction of the superficial cerebral veins with the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses of the rat was studied with an analytical mathematical method.
(8) Such measured courses may be mathematically modelled by the so-called BATEMAN function type, an expression consisting of 2 e-function terms.
(9) This review begins with a mathematical and qualitative description of the inverse problem in terms of epicardial potentials.
(10) For both cases, mathematical expressions as proposed and used by Sager are applied.
(11) Since the four determining coefficients may change over evolutionary time-scales, the mathematical results together with a natural selection argument proves that virulence gamma 2 attenuates.
(12) The selection of optimal parameters, development of valid measurement procedures, and use of mathematical modeling and descriptive statistics are necessary for quantitative studies by ultrasound of fetal organ growth.
(13) The mathematical model clearly predicts this decrease in concentration.
(14) The ability of a mathematical model to evaluate the effects of two different pain modulating procedures (partial nerve block and vibration) on acute experimental pulpal pain was studied.
(15) A mathematical model that abstracts the major features of the vegetative life cycle of Neurosopra crassa has been developed, and the action of selection in this model and various extensions of it is such as to maintain polymorphisms of vegetative incompatibility factors.
(16) Mathematical models describing the process of the patients treatment and permitting to pronosticate the blood and urine sugar level during the treatment were developed.
(17) I used to tease him with the suggestion he had chosen me as walking companion because I had no mathematics at all and so he was safe from prying questions, but in fact now and then he did used to tell me about what he was doing – and how clear it all seemed when he spoke!
(18) A mathematical treatment and an original microcalorimetric method are developed to verify an eventual competitive binding between any two substances for the same macromolecule.
(19) By means of the method of factor-geometric analysis using a computer DVK-3, mathematic calculations of the effectiveness of the operation were made.
(20) A mathematical model of cochlear processing is developed to account for the nonlinear dependence of frequency selectivity on intensity in inner hair cell and auditory nerve fiber responses.