(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Eugenol
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, C10H12O2 resembling the phenols, and hence also called eugenic acid. It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves.
Example Sentences:
(1) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(2) Although treatment with beta-carotene tended to decrease the incidence and number of large intestinal carcinomas, beta-carotene, selenium, esculin and eugenol all decreased the incidence of kidney nephroblastomas, the differences were not statistically significant.
(3) The 1:4 dilution of eugenol dressings inhibited 3HTdR uptake significantly more than non-eugenol dressings (P less than 0.05).
(4) The purpose of this study was to examine a possible correlation between the eugenol released from a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (Canals) and the degree of cytotoxicity.
(5) Of the Class 1, Type 2, systems tested, noneugenol cements had higher retentive values than did the eugenol-containing cements.
(6) Zinc oxide-eugenol paste are widely used in clinical dentistry, principally for impression of non-undercut edentulous ridges, or bite taking materials.
(7) Intracellular glutathione levels decreased by 90% over a period of 30 min in phorbol ester stimulated PMNs exposed to 100 microM eugenol compared with decreases of 30% (phorbol ester alone) or 5% (eugenol alone) in control incubations.
(8) Eugenol is widely used as a food flavoring agent and a dental analgesic.
(9) In this experiment, various compounds such as redox-initiator, photo-initiator or photo-sensitizer, inhibitor, root-canal disinfectant, cement-base materials (eugenol and 2-ethoxybenzoic acid) etc., were investigated.
(10) Drugs of the phenol group--eugenol, paramonochlorophenol, tricresol-formalin and phenol--presented very low surface tension.
(11) The metabolism and toxic effects of eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) were studies in isolated rat hepatocytes.
(12) This was also found to be the case with eugenol, eugenol acetate and cinnamic aldehyde as well as with isoprenaline and phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
(13) Covalent binding to cellular protein was observed using [3H]eugenol.
(14) The effect of betel leaf extract and some of its constituents, eugenol, hydroxychavicol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, on benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in male Swiss mice was examined.
(15) In both cases (anethole and eugenol) detection limits were improved after addition of cyclodextrins.
(16) Because of its long-time use as a sedative or anodyne in dental procedures, eugenol was studied to determine its effect on evoked nerve impulse transmission.
(17) This study evaluated the effect of temporary cements with or without eugenol on the bond strength of a dual-cure resin cement to dentin.
(18) The powder component of Grossman's sealer, when mixed with eugenol or oil of pimento, had a significantly shorter setting time than did the powder component of Grossman's sealer mixed with oil of Melaleuca or Roth root canal cement mixed with eugenol, oil of pimento, or oil of Melaleuca.
(19) Most inhibition of growth was obtained using sorbic acid in all cases and especially at low temperatures, followed by methyl-eugenol and essential oil.
(20) The OH scavenging ability of eugenol was evident from its inhibitory effect on OH-mediated deoxyribose degradation.