(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Fluorene
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C13H10 having a beautiful violet fluorescence; whence its name. It occurs in the higher boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.
Example Sentences:
(1) In contrast to the helix-destabilizing and distortive modifications of DNA caused by ultraviolet light or N-acetoxy-2-(acetylamino)fluorene, CC-1065 increases the melting point of DNA and decreases the S1 nuclease activity.
(2) The conformation and configuration at the central nitrogen of the adduct 8-(N-fluoren-2-ylamino)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate has been investigated by high-field 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy.
(3) Recognition of damage induced by N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (N-OH-AF) and N-acetoxy-2-(acetylamino)fluorene (NAAAF) in both phi X174 RFI supercoiled DNA and a linear DNA fragment by purified UVRA, UVRB, and UVRC proteins was investigated.
(4) Two non-reactive fluorene-containing compounds were synthesized, and both reagents exhibited far less binding to calmodulin than did trifluoperazine.
(5) The spectroscopic characteristics of adducts derived from the covalent binding of the carcinogen 2-aminofluorene to the C8 position of deoxyguanosine [N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-amino-fluorene, dGuo-C8-AF], and from an adduct of similar structure formed with the synthetic polynucleotide poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), were investigated.
(6) On replacement of the 5'-dimethoxytrityl blocking group on the trinucleotide phosphoramidite with an acid-stable blocking group, such as levulinate or fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), this same strategy of substoichiometric couplings at codon boundaries should permit the synthesis of complex pools of oligonucleotides for the introduction, with constant efficiency, of every type of amino acid substitution at each codon across a gene segment.
(7) The high-field 1H NMR spectra of a nucleotide-carcinogen adduct formed from 2-(acetylamino)fluorene (8-(N-fluoren-2-ylacetamido)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate) have been examined in aqueous solution as a function of concentration at high and low temperatures.
(8) IPS 339 [(tertiarybutylamino-3-ol-2-propyl)oximino-9-fluorene hydrochloride], a beta 2-selective antagonist, was at least 3 orders of magnitude more potent in inhibiting the binding of [3H]DHA than the beta 1-antagonist, atenolol.
(9) Human serum albumin fluorescence quenching by fluorene-9-spiro-oxazolidinedione has been analyzed as a function of temperature.
(10) 1-(Fluoren-2-yl)-2-propen-1-one (vinyl fluorenyl ketone, VFK) was shown to be a potent and irreversible inactivator of NAT II activities.
(11) One-carbonyl quinonoid compounds, fluorenone (fluoren-9-one), anthrone, and their derivatives are introduced into spinach photosystem (PS) I reaction centers in place of the intrinsic secondary electron acceptor phylloquinone (= vitamin K1).
(12) The derivatives of 3 had more potent antagonistic activity than those of 2 and the order of potency of 3 was: chloriminodibenzyl greater than chlordibenzocycloheptene greater than iminodibenzyl greater than iminostilbene greater than fluorene.
(13) The 9-(aminomethyl)fluorenes also exhibited weak D2 binding; however, 2,5,6-trihydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-methanamine (4b) exhibited D1 binding comparable to apomorphine.
(14) This medicinal preparation of fluorenal permits reduce its concentration and the number of instillations.
(15) The polycyclic carcinogens tested (e.g., 2-nitroso-fluorene) revert 3052 by deleting a [unk] doublet from the DNA sequence [unk], which is close to the 3052 site.
(16) Different ways of purification of the fluorene modified DNA samples were checked in order ot obtain a nucleic acid free from all noncovalently bound fluorene residues.
(17) The two chains (A- and B-chains) were synthesized separately by the solid-phase method using fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group as a protecting group for alpha-amino group.
(18) Concerning the feeding schedule of 2,7-bis(acetamido)fluorene alone, the intermittent one-week feeding of the carcinogen with 3-week intervals decreased the average number of hepatic nodules as compared with the continuous feeding of the carcinogen.
(19) Methods and their applications are described for the determination of fluorene in fish, sediment, and plants.
(20) Purified DNA from the liver of rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs, from guinea pig lymph nodes, from hyperplastic nodules induced in rat liver by feeding with 2-(acetylamino)fluorene, and from Escherichia coli cells was made apurinic by reaction with diphenylamine.