(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Naphthalene
Definition:
(n.) A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline.
Example Sentences:
(1) The formation of 1-naphthol from naphthalene was investigated in rat brain 105,000 g particulate fraction.
(2) Synthesis of hexabromonaphthalenes (HBNs) by direct bromination of naphthalene results in a mixture of two isomers.
(3) Trospectomycin sulphate, a novel analogue of spectinomycin, was compared to spectinomycin, tetracycline, lincosamide, macrolide, quinolone and naphthalenic ansamycin-class antibiotics for in-vitro activity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
(4) After prolonged adaptation of strain BN6 to growth on 6A2NS, this organism readily converted all naphthalene-2-sulfonates with OH- or NH2-substituents in the 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-position.
(5) In contrast to wild-type F1 adenosine triphosphatase, the beta subunits of soluble ATPase from Escherichia coli mutant strains AN120 (uncA401) and AN939 (uncD412) were not labeled by the fluorescent thiol-specific reagents 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein, 2-(4'-iodoacetamidoanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid or 4-[N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl]amino-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole.
(6) In all cases, naphthalene was metabolised to a covalently bound product(s) and to two major methanol-soluble products, which co-chromatographed with 1-naphthol and 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene.
(7) The degradation of 3- and 4-HBs by these strains is therefore analogous to the metabolism of biphenyl, 2-HB, and naphthalene in the requirement for 2,3-catechol formation.
(8) The gamma-crystallin fractions II, III and IV from calf eye lens were treated with the thiol-specific fluorescent probe 2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonate (MIANS), in order to determine the reactivity of the seven (gamma-II) or six (gamma-III, gamma-IV) cysteine residues.
(9) Pinwheel inclusions (PWs) were found in cells of callus tissue derived from explants of secondary phloem parenchyma of carrot (Daucus carota) storage root and grown on a basal medium containing zeatin and indoleacetic acid or coconut milk, naphthalene acetic acid, or combinations of these.
(10) The organic portion of this structure demonstrates near-C2 symmetry with a pseudo-twofold axis coincident with the central C-C naphthalene ring bond.
(11) The m-xylene-adapted microorganisms in the aquifer column degraded toluene, benzaldehyde, benzoate, m-toluylaldehyde, m-toluate, m-cresol, p-cresol, and p-hydroxybenzoate but were unable to metabolize benzene, naphthalene, methylcyclohexane, and 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane.
(12) The absorbed and in the urine excreted 14C-activities are measured with a scintillation spectrophotometer and scintillator composed of 2,5-diphenyloxazole(POP), 1,4-bis-(4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl)benzene (dimethyl-POPOP), naphthalene, toluene and ethyleneglycol monomethylether.
(13) To examine this question in detail, intracellular glutathione levels were monitored in mouse hepatocytes incubated in the presence of various concentrations of naphthalene.
(14) A proprietary insecticidal mulesing powder containing diazinon and an experimental liquid dressing based on eucalyptus oil, naphthalene, cresylic acid and chlorfenvinphos in a carrier of liquid hydrocarbons and petroleum oil were compared for their ability to promote wound healing and reduce the incidence of fly strike in freshly mulesed lambs.
(15) Rates of mineralization were observed, as follows, for [14C]hexadecane greater than [14C]naphthalene greater than [14C]toluene greater than [14C]cyclohexane.
(16) Salicylic acid which accumulated as a product of naphthalene catabolism in the cultural broth of the wild strain was found to undergo further oxidation by the population of growing cells.
(17) Previous studies have demonstrated the formation of three glutathione conjugates during the hepatic and pulmonary microsomal metabolism of naphthalene in the presence of reduced glutathione and cytosolic enzymes containing the glutathione transferases.
(18) The ability of P. putida, strain NCIB 9816, to grow with naphthalene (Nah+) and salicylate (Sal+) is correlated with the presence of an 83 kilobase (kb) conjugative plasmid (pDTG1).
(19) Adjacent organic anions are separated by the Li+ ions and their coordination polyhedra, with the water molecules occupying positions above and below the naphthalene rings and participating in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network.
(20) The minor isomer is definitively identified as 2,3,4,5,6,7-HBN by high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of brominated [1-13C]naphthalene-derived products.