(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Phenanthrene
Definition:
(n.) A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the case of adducts with the diol-epoxides of benzo[c]phenanthrene, the energetically most favored structures are isomers with significant biological activity.
(2) Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuronides and sulfates resulted in the formation of free 1,2-, 3,4- and 9,10-dihydrodiols of phenanthrene and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene in both species.
(3) 4H-Cyclopenta[def]chrysen-4-one and 1-methyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene displayed weak tumorigenic activity at a total initiating dose of 1.0 mg.
(4) All of the compounds which were active in the receptor-binding and monooxygenase enzyme-induction assays possessed one common structural feature, namely the presence of a phenanthrene structure fused with at least 1 benzo ring.
(5) The PCAH's identified in SRF-carbon black were: anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(mno)fluoranthene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, 1,2-benzopyrene, 3,4-benzopyrene, perylene, o-phenylene pyrene 1,2-benzoperylene, anthanthrene, and coronene.
(6) In normal fibres in normal Ringer 3-chloro-2,5,6-trimethylbenzoic acid; 5,6-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-7-carboxybenz[c]acridine; phenanthrene-9-carboxylic acid; and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid at 10(-5)-10(-4)M decreased membrane conductance without consistently changing diameter or capacitance.
(7) The unsubstituted phenanthrene-9,10-imine was approximately 70-fold more mutagenic than the corresponding phenanthrene-9,10-oxide.
(8) The thioether metabolites of styrene oxide and phenanthrene are described, but the procedures have been applied in studies of several drugs and environmental chemicals in our laboratory.
(9) Data analysis indicated no statistically significant PCB or phenanthrene effect on either total glucose uptake velocities or the proportion of 14CO2 evolved, as compared to natural unstressed samples.
(10) Although the ozonation products of pyrene were not toxic under the conditions of this study, phenanthrene products were more hepatotoxic than was phenanthrene itself.
(11) 16,17-Dihydro-11-hydroxy-15H-cyclopenta[alpha]phenanthrene was also tested for carcinogenicity in the TO strain by repeated application.
(12) Sections for morphological examination showed evidence of increased digestive cell deletion in phenanthrene-treated mussels.
(13) The phenanthrene-induced aldehyde dehydrogenase is very similar to the normal uninduced aldehyde dehydrogenase, whereas the benzo[a]pyrene-induced aldehyde dehydrogenase has common properties with the TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)-induced enzyme and the hepatoma-specific enzyme.
(14) Two clinical trials of the phenanthrene methanol compound halofantrine in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum were conducted in Malawi, in areas where the parasite was known to be chloroquine resistant.
(15) The gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis of benzene extract of fly ash showed the presence of 28 polyaromatic hydrocarbons, of which only phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene could be identified.
(16) The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized phenanthrene when it was grown for 7 days at 37 degrees C in a medium containing malt extract, D-glucose, D-maltose, yeast extract, and Tween 80.
(17) These results suggest that the mixed-function oxidase systems specifically induced by BNF have a protective effect against the hepatotoxicity of the oxonized or nitrated products of phenanthrene and pyrene.
(18) The enzyme, which is normally stereospecific in the addition of GSH to the oxirane carbon of R absolute configuration in arene oxide substrates, loses its stereospecificity toward phenanthrene 9,10-oxide with the retro peptide analogues, giving a 2:1 mixture of the S,S and R,R stereoisomeric 9,10-dihydro-9-(S-peptidyl)-10-hydroxyphenanthrenes.
(19) Besides N-oxidation, the metabolism of BfQ by all the above microsomes was almost exclusively at the benzo-ring (49-69%) while that of phenanthrene was predominantly at the K-region (50-71%).
(20) Nitrophenanthrene lactones (nitro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones) were found to account for the observed activity of this polar fraction of the phenanthrene reaction products.