(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Phenyl
Definition:
(n.) A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.
Example Sentences:
(1) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(2) It is possible that the IgE that linked abnormally with the propofol had specific binding sites for the phenyl nucleus and the isopropyl groups, which are present in propofol and many other drugs.
(3) The two more reactive residues were confirmed not be essential for the catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of maltodextrin and phenyl alpha-maltoside.
(4) Theoretically, a carbon-centered radical intermediate could be formed by 1-electron reduction of MPP+, or by 1-electron oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine, the free base form of MPDP+.
(5) The aza analogue (RS)-3-hydroxy-2,5-pyrrolidinedione-3-acetic acid (6) of the five-membered citric anhydride (2) was prepared in the sequence citric acid----2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one-5,5-diacetic acid (1)----citric acid beta-amide (3)----6 and used to resolve ambiguities in the mechanism of the citrate synthase reaction.
(6) The first comprises N1-[4-(4-alkyloxybenzamido)benzoyl]-N2-substituted alkylidene hydrazine, the second involves 1-[4-(4-alkyloxybenzamido)benzoyl]-4-alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl-3-thiosemicarbazides, and the third includes 1-substituted-5-[4-(4-alkyloxybenzamido)phenyl]-1,3,4-triazole-2-t hione.
(7) The chemistry involved reaction rate constant measurements of MSF hydrolysis and for reactions with phenolic, amine, oxime, hydroxamic acid, phenyl N-hydroxycarbamate, and hydroxylamine compounds and cupric imidazole and bipyridyl complexes.
(8) It was demonstrated that adenosine receptor activation by N6-(R-phenyl-isopropyl)-adenosine (PIA) caused a block of electrical activity and abolished the ensuing alterations in [Ca2+]i. PIA mimicked the inhibitory action of somatostatin.
(9) On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, pedicularioside E and F were identified to be 1'-O-beta-D-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-beta-phenyl)-ethyl-6'-O-feruloyl- alpha-L-(2-acetyl)-rhamnosyl-(1----3')-4'-acetylglucopyranoside and shanzhisin methyl ester cellobioside, respectively.
(10) As a basis for the discussion a possible structure for the DNA complex of the phenylated neutral red is considered in which the extra phenyl ring at N-5 of the phenazinium system, protrudes into the large groove of the DNA helix while the tricyclic part of the ligand is inserted between the DNA base-pairs.
(11) Five of the intermediates are of the form N-(methyloxycarbonyl)-X-glycine-C(= S)S-papain, where X is L-phenyl-alanine, D-phenylalanine, glycine, L-phenylglycine, or D-phenylglycine.
(12) The hydrolysis of a series of n-alkyl esters of 4-nitrobenzoic acid, and of isopropyl 4-nitrobenzoate, 4'-nitrophenyl 4-nitrobenzoate, and 4-nitrobenzoyl 1-monoglycerol, catalyzed by human milk lipase in the absence and presence of cholate stimulation, has been measured at pH 7.3, 37.5 degrees C. It has been shown that the enzyme possesses a specific alkyl binding site which is hydrophobic in nature and wide enough to accommodate two fatty acid chains lying side by side or a phenyl ring lying flat.
(13) Two protein bands with molecular masses of approximately 55,000 and 38,000 daltons revealed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were eluted from the affinity column with either 1 mM 5-HT or 1 microM [3H]1-[2-(4-azidophenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)piperazine ([3H]p-azido-PAPP).
(14) A simplified new synthesis of some 5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepines and 6-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazocines, in satisfactory yields, by oxidation with sodium periodate of 1-alkylamino-2-methyl-3-phenylindoles, is described.
(15) Significant increases in relative binding affinities were demonstrated for PGF2alpha analogs with a phenyl ring introduced at carbons 16 or 17.
(16) These radical intermediates were demonstrated by visible light spectroscopy and by direct electron spin resonance (for the chlorpromazine and aminopyrine radicals) or by spin-trapping (for the phenyl radical generated from phenylhydrazine).
(17) The anti-ulcer effects of the newly synthesized compound 3-[p-(trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexylcarbonyl)-phenyl]propionic acid hydrochloride (TEI-5103) on experimentally induced ulcers in rats were studied.
(18) This metabolite was isolated from the urine of chronically dosed dogs and was identified by mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectrometry as the N-oxide, 2-phenyl-1-(4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-2-propanol.
(19) Kinetic data indicate that acetylthiocholine has a greater affinity than does phenyl thioacetate for a variety of enzyme sources.
(20) Both ester and beta-lactam degradations of alpha-esters of carbenicillin disodium, carbenicillin indanyl sodium, and carbenicillin phenyl sodium in aqueous solution at 35 degrees and at 0.5 ionic strength were investigated.