What's the difference between aromatic and picene?
Aromatic
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Aromatical
(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Picene
Definition:
(n.) A hydrocarbon (C/H/) extracted from the pitchy residue of coal tar and petroleum as a bluish fluorescent crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
(2) Histopathological examination of the tumors in the three experimental models revealed no difference in the type of tumor between picene and DBA.
(3) Comparison of the chromatographic behavior and the UV and mass spectral properties of the metabolites with those of synthetic derivatives of picene allowed the identification of trans-1,2-, -3,4-, -5,6-dihydrodiol as well as 2- and 4-phenol as microsomal metabolites of picene.
(4) Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (1.6 X 10(-8) M), 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (1.6 X 10(-8) M), 3-methylcholanthrene (2.8 X 10(-8) M) and picene (4.5 X 10(-8) m) exhibited the highest affinity for the receptor protein and these compounds were only 5-fold less active the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1 X 10(-8) M).
(5) Cell lines were validated in mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and metabolism studies employing benzo[a]pyrene, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and picene.
(6) The carcinogenic activity of the two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), picene (benzo[a]chrysene) and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), was determined in NMRI mice by five different experimental protocols in order to find out if picene is a carcinogen as predicted by recent quantum mechanical calculations in contrast to earlier observations which could not confirm any carcinogenic activity of picene.
(7) From the 2.8- to 4.4-fold lower amounts of polar and water-soluble metabolites of picene as compared to dibenz[a,h]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene it is deduced that dihydrodiol epoxides are generated from picene to a much smaller extent than from the two carcinogenic PAHs.
(8) Picene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of environmental relevance has recently been predicted to be carcinogenic, based on quantum mechanical calculation, although in several animal studies no carcinogenicity could be detected.
(9) In this respect the metabolism of picene is not significantly different from that of the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene.
(10) Chronic epicutaneous application of both PAHs (total dose 1.36 mumol) to the back of mice resulted in the development of papillomas with a tumor rate of 22% in the case of picene and of 32% in the case of DBA.
(11) This rare biological property of picene, which is a complete carcinogen, yet at most a very weak tumor initiator, is explained in terms of its inefficient biotransformation to mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolites as compared to the strong tumor initiator DBA.
(12) In order to find out if the metabolism of this PAH can provide an explanation for its lack of carcinogenicity, picene was incubated with the hepatic microsomal fraction of Sprague-Dawley rats, which had been pretreated with Aroclor 1254.
(13) The lacking carcinogenicity of picene could therefore result from the inability of microsomal enzymes to transform its M-region dihydrodiol to dihydrodiol bay-region epoxides in amounts necessary to initiate carcinogenesis.
(14) The relative competitive binding affinities of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[g, h, i]perylene, picene, 7,12-dimethylbenz [a]anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]anthracene, perylene, 4H-cyclopenta[d,e,f]-phenanthrene, benz[a] anthracene, triphenylethylene and triptycene for the rat hepatic cytosolic 4S binding protein were determined using [3H]benzo[a]pyrene as the radioligand.