What's the difference between aromatic and pyrene?
Aromatic
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Aromatical
(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Pyrene
Definition:
(n.) One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C16H10.
(n.) Same as Pyrena.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two other impurities are pyrene derivatives but their acyl chains probably are not decanoic acid.
(2) Microbiological analyses of sediments located near a point source for petrogenic chemicals resulted in the isolation of a pyrene-mineralizing bacterium.
(3) The protective effect of Thiola against the genotoxicity, induced by benzo(a)pyrene, in vitro and in vivo, was investigated.
(4) aldrin epoxidation, ethylmorphine demethylation, and benzo(a)-pyrene hydroxylation were induced under these conditions.
(5) The effect of dicoumarol on glucuronidation of 3-OH-benzo(a)pyrene (BP) appears to be due to inhibition of UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and not to an inhibited DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase); to date the only enzyme known to be inhibited by dicoumarol.
(6) Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture.
(7) A pyrene substituted with a photosensitive group, 1-azidopyrene, has been synthesized.
(8) Vanadate(V) required the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to trigger co-oxygenation of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol.
(9) There were 61 and 27% of malformed fetuses following 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene treatment on days 12 and 14 of gestation, respectively.
(10) These results suggest that CsA has the potential to cause drug interactions involving inhibition of drug biotransformation, particularly of drugs that are metabolised by the same types of cytochrome P-450 which oxidise benzo[a]pyrene and theophylline.
(11) Chemical analysis of the smoke concensate of bidis and cigarettes showed that condensate from bidis had a higher benzo[a]pyrene level than was observed in cigarette smoke condensate, when compared on the basis of the mass (mg) burnt.
(12) All three benz(a)pyrene control rats developed cancer at the implantation site.
(13) The metabolism of the environmental pollutant and suspected human carcinogen, cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), was investigated.
(14) The frequency of morphological transformation induced by benzo(a)pyrene was established at various extracellular pHs and compared with intracellular pH values.
(15) --In this fashion, six polycyclic aromatic compounds with differing carcinogenic activities were tested:benzo(a)-pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, fluoranthene, and cyclopenteno (c,d)pyrene.
(16) Rat tracheal tissue was cultured for periods up to 2 months in medium containing benzo[a]pyrene, and the epithelium was studied for the histologic effects of deletion of serum from the medium.
(17) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
(18) The tumor initiating activity on mouse skin of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 7,10-dimethylBaP, and 10-methylBaP was determined.
(19) Anthracene, chrysene, benzo(e)pyrene and perylene did not significantly suppress the antibody-forming cell response compared to the corn oil vehicle controls.
(20) Although the spleen has been shown to be capable of metabolizing benzo(a)pyrene, the relative amounts and types of metabolites generated have not been determined.