(n. pl.) A large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea.
Example Sentences:
(1) (Protozoa: Microspora) from larval Aedes cantator mosquitoes were directly infectious to an alternate copepod host, Acanthocyclops vernalis (Arthropoda: Crustacea).
(2) In the central nervous system of some species of several invertebrate phyla, including land planarians (Platyhelminthes), ribbon worms (Nemertina), slugs (Mollusca), polychaetes, earthworms and leeches (Annelida), pill bugs (Arthropoda), and beard worms (Pogonophora), salmon calcitonin-immunoreactive cells and rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive cells were found by immunohistochemistry.
(3) In the nervous system of the cockroach (Insecta, Arthropoda) and Aplysia (Gastropoda, Mollusca) distribution of PHI and VIP was examined by immunocytochemistry.
(4) The active and passive immunization of laboratory animals against Ixodes antigens has been experimentally shown to lead to the development of their resistance to homologous Arthropoda species and a change in the intensity of the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus between carriers and their hosts.
(5) Borrelia burgdorferi was found so far in 30 species of Arthropoda, 13 species of mites (Acarina), 15 species of flies(Diptera), two species of fleas (Siphonaptera).
(6) Furthermore, the maximum parsimony tree, in contrast to the unweighted pair group and distance Wagner trees, was consistent with the available fossil record and supported the hypotheses that the primitive hemoglobin of metazoans was monomeric and that the multisubunit extracellular hemoglobins found among the Annelida and the Arthropoda represent independently derived states.
(7) These observations demonstrate that one needs to shade the distinction between P-type gap (Vertebrate) and E-type gap (Arthropoda).
(8) All kinds of arthropoda can find a suitable environment to grow and spread in this country because of its mild and subtropical climate.
(9) In addition, a variety of other Arthropoda species that are used as fish food can induce immediate hypersensitivity.
(10) We suggest that a previous study's inference of the Arthropoda as paraphyletic may be the result of (a) having two few arthropod taxa available for analysis and (b) including long-branched taxa.
(11) Now nidicoles are reported in such large taxons as Protophyta, Mycophyta, Protozoa, Nematoda and Arthropoda.
(12) A layered rhabdom is found in taxonomically widely separated groups within the Arthropoda and no intermediate forms are found between the different, highly specialized rhabdom types present.
(13) Systematic elucidations of the chemical structures of glycosphingolipids from members of the phyla Arthropoda (class:insecta) of the Protostomia have shown several characteristic differences to those of the Deuterostomia, e.g., the Vertebrata.
(14) Bioactive polymers were sought in marine arthropoda and a novel cytolytic factor was found in a hermit crab, Clibanarius longitarsus.
(15) The utilization of tissue culture in neurobiological studies is discussed for all phyla phylogenetically preceding Phylum Arthropoda.
(16) The members of phylum Arthropoda utilized were Periplaneta, Locusta, Drosophila, and Schistocerca.
(17) By comparing environmental anaerobiosis with exercise anaerobiosis it appears that animals with high anoxia tolerance use (partly) different types of metabolic reactions to sustain energy metabolism, whereas low tolerance animals (Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Vertebrata) use the same pathway under both conditions.
(18) One or both of the two structural forms that exist, hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) and lysyl pyridinoline (LP), was found in organisms from the following phyla: coelenterata, Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca and Arthropoda.
(19) Among the invertebrate sequences, 7 represented the phylum Annelida, 13 represented Insecta and Crustacea of the phylum Arthropoda, and 6 represented the phylum Mollusca.
(20) Cd-binding protein was also detected in the waterflea (Crustacea, Arthropoda) after loading of Cd.
Reptilia
Definition:
(n. pl.) A class of air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of birds.
Example Sentences:
(1) The stomach of Anolis carolinensis (Reptilia: Iguanidae) has four histologically and histochemically distinct regions.
(2) Studies were conducted to explore vitamin A transport in the non-mammalian vertebrates, especially Pisces, Amphibia, and Reptilia, and to isolate and partially characterize piscine retinol-binding protein.
(3) Ectoplasmic specializations (ES) facing spermatids were studied in species representative of four classes of non-mammalian vertebrates (Pisces--bluegill; Amphibia--bullfrog; Reptilia--red eared turtle; Aves--domestic chicken).
(4) We therefore propose that: liver pigment cells of Amphibia and Reptilia should be classified as "Extra Cutaneous Pigment Cells from Histocytic Origin".
(5) Reptilia are discussed as useful experimental animals for studying the kindling phenomenon.
(6) Immunocytochemical and cytofluorimetric studies were performed in several species of different classes (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia and Aves), in order to ascertain the presence of ACTH-like molecules in blood cells.
(7) Owing to interest in the original function and evolution of cytochrome P-450 this enzyme system was studied in four species each at different levels on the phylogenetic tree, representing Agnatha, Selachi, Teleostei, and Reptilia.
(8) The microtubular density was assessed with the electron microscope in 3 microns myelinated fibers, myelin excluded, of 11 species from the following classes: Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.
(9) Plasma membranes were isolated from the livers of various animal species representing the four vertebrate classes: Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.
(10) The thymus gland of the adult viviparous lizard, Chalcides ocellatus (Reptilia, Sauria, Scincidae) undergoes conspicuous morphological changes in relation to gestational period.
(11) There were recorded 92 species of the naturally infected by the erysipeloid causative agent invertebrate inhabitants of the sea, fish, amphibia, reptilia, birds, mammals and ectoparasites of the warm-blooded animals.
(12) But no azo-dye deposit can be seen on the microvilli in the jejunum of amphibia and fishes, nor the ileum of reptilia, amphibia and fishes.
(13) The tuatara is the only surviving member of the ancient Sub-Order Rhynchocephalia, and it seems likely that testosterone functions as a male sex hormone in this species, as it does in other members of the Class Reptilia.
(14) A battery of seven lectins and several conventional mucin histochemical techniques were used to identify the epithelial mucins of the gallbladder of ten species: man, rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, mammalia), hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, mammalia), chicken (Gallus gallus, bird), sparrow (Passer domesticus, bird), moorish gecko (Tarentola mauritanica, reptilia), ladder snake (Elaphe scalaris, reptilia), lake frog (Rana perezi, amphibia), natterjack toad (Bufo calamita, amphibia) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus, fish).
(15) n. (Heterakoidea, Heterakidae), parasite of the gut of the lizard Podarcis dugesii Milne-Edwards, 1829 (Reptilia, Lacertidae) from Madeira Island is described.
(16) Three types of cell degeneration were observed at early embryonic stages of the development of cerebellar cortex of Gallotia galloti (Reptilia: Lacertidae).
(17) The hepatic beta-adrenergic receptor was found to be expressed in all animals studied; the hepatic alpha 1-adrenergic receptor was absent in Amphibia and Reptilia, co-expressed with the beta receptor in Aves, and dominant over the beta receptor in Mammalia.
(18) For the first time in reptilia peripolar cells are found, they are situated on the basal membrane of the external part of the glomerular capsule near the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle.
(19) Using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we demonstrated that lymphocytes containing ACTH-like molecules are first detectable in anuran amphibia, and are present in lymphocytes of reptilia and aves.
(20) The finding in eel brain of chicken GnRH II, which has previously been described in species of Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Osteichthyes, and Chondrichthyes, supports our hypothesis that this widespread structural variant may represent an early evolved and conserved form of GnRH.