(a.) Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers.
(a.) Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine.
(a.) Artful; cunning; crafty.
(a.) Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses.
Example Sentences:
(1) Dialysis of dog plasma against an artificial c.s.f.
(2) Classical treatment combining artificial delivery or uterine manual evacuation-oxytocics led to the arrest of bleeding in 73 cases.
(3) Nasotracheal intubation has been well established as a method for maintaining an artificial airway in children.
(4) Arginine vasopressin further reduced papillary flow in kidneys perfused with high viscosity artificial plasma.
(5) Females were killed at various times after the onset of mating or artificial insemination, oviducts were fixed and sectioned serially, and spermatozoa were counted individually as to their location in the oviduct.
(6) Recently, we have designed a series of simplified artificial signal sequences and have shown that a proline residue in the signal sequence plays an important role in the secretion of human lysozyme in yeast, presumably by altering the conformation of the signal sequence [Yamamoto, Y., Taniyama, Y., & Kikuchi, M. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 2728-2732].
(7) Anaesthesia was maintained with artificial ventilation and alcuronium, or spontaneous ventilation with halothane.
(8) The distribution of conceptions after artificial insemination from a donor was studied in 259 conceptions at an artificial insemination clinic and found to be seasonal.
(9) Ten patients received intercostal nerve blockade on a total of 29 occasions in order to provide analgesia following liver transplantation and to facilitate weaning from artificial ventilation of the lungs.
(10) A new type of artificial blood, pyridoxylated hemoglobin-polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) solution, (developed by PHP research group of the department of health and welfare of Japan, and produced by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Tokyo) as an oxygen-carrying component, has been recently devised using hemoglobin obtained from hemolyzed human erythrocytes.
(11) Artificially produced mineral waters which are identical to natural ones are also applied.
(12) The results of these investigations suggest that there is a biochemically significant decrease in the bioavailability of zinc when these artificial formulas are used.
(13) Neither was the autumn moult, induced early in intact females by the change to a short photoperiod, advanced in ganglionectomized females, showing that the latter were unresponsive to the artificial modification of the photoperiod.
(14) These artificial rheomelanins in vitro and the apparent in vivo rheomelanins present in plasmas moved together during the two chromatographies.
(15) This paper also examines the effect of pH and ionic strength on the activity and specificity of the enzyme with respect to substrates and natural, as well as artificial, electron acceptors.
(16) The latter animals were raised in an automated feeding device (Autosow) with an artificial diet simulating the nutritional composition of sow milk.
(17) Respiratory failure, developing 7-9 days after inoculation, was associated with a decrease in lung-thorax compliance determined during artificial ventilation, and an increase in the amount of protein including the specific antibody in lung lavage fluid.
(18) One may speculate whether clinical conditions exist--apart from hereditary retinal dystrophies--in which the retina becomes more sensitive to light from strong artificial or natural sources, which are otherwise innoxious.
(19) The results of the present experiments show that capillary blood flow in the cerebral cortex fluctuates, whether the cat's head is supplied by the animal's intact circulation or by an artificial circulation system.
(20) Tissue storage of hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a widely used artificial colloid, has been reported.
Saccharin
Definition:
(n.) A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; -- so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane sugar (saccharose).
Example Sentences:
(1) Since d-fenfluramine failed to alter saccharin preference, it is unlikely that the slowed eating rate induced by this compound indicates a reduction in food palatability.
(2) The onset of tolerance to morphine analgesia was studied in 34 female Wistar rats immediately after they drank a dextrose-saccharin cocktail or tap water for 6 or 24 hours.
(3) the colours: Allura red AC, erythrosine, canthaxanthin and the caramels; three anti-oxidants: BHA, BHT and the gallates; the sweeteners: polyols, aspartame, saccharin and cyclamates.
(4) The exposure of the mouse bladder to saccharin was very brief, because the time required for 50 percent of the compound to be eluted from the pellets was about 5.5 hours.
(5) The rats were then poisoned with lithium chloride after each of three sessions in an attempt to condition a taste aversion to the saccharin.
(6) The saccharin litters were mainly characterized by a slowering in the body growth evolution.
(7) 3-Amino[3-14C]benz[d]isothiazole-1, 1-dioxide was prepared from [3-14C]-saccharin.
(8) A shift of intake from 5% to 10% ethanol was also demonstrated with increasing time under shock, while saccharin and water intake decreased.
(9) A two-bottle choice test between the saccharin solution and water was given to all animals on the third and fourth days after the conditioning day.
(10) These results are consistent with reports which have found that rats selected for high or low alcohol intake have corresponding high and low intakes of saccharin.
(11) Other results revealed that ibotenic acid lesions of the insular cortex attenuated the reaction to the novel taste of saccharin in a familiar environment but failed to affect the ingestion of a novel food in a novel environment or passive avoidance learning.
(12) An illness-induced taste aversion was conditioned in rats by pairing saccharin with cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive agent.
(13) On each trial, access to saccharin at normal ambient temperature was followed by injection of drug or saline and placement for 6 hr into a temperature-controlled enclosure.
(14) However, saccharin does not trigger a fixed rate of lapping at any point in the sequence.
(15) Before and after treatment the following were recorded: subjective and objective nasal MCT time, using an original composition of vegetable charcoal powder and saccharin powder at 3%; nasal obstruction.
(16) They were trained to respond on a tongue-operated solenoid-driven drinking device that delivered 0.005 ml of a glucose and saccharin solution (G + S) per lick.
(17) Quantitation of o- and p-sulfamoylbenzoic acid residues in saccharin and its sodium salt is achieved by a method comprising methanolic extraction and high-performance ion exchange chromatography.
(18) Unlike typical carcinogens which interact with DNA, sodium saccharin is not genotoxic, but leads to an increase in cell proliferation of the urothelium, the only target tissue.
(19) The correlation between the FDD test, the Jones fluorescein test, and the saccharin taste test was low.
(20) Five-week-old F344 male rats were given sodium saccharin as 5% of the diet beginning either immediately (Group 1) or 2, 4, 6, or 18 weeks (Groups 2, 3, 4, or 5, respectively) after freezing of the bladder, and sacrificed 2 years after the start of the experiment.