What's the difference between assume and speculate?

Assume


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly.
  • (v. t.) To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively.
  • (v. t.) To pretend to possess; to take in appearance.
  • (v. t.) To receive or adopt.
  • (v. i.) To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due.
  • (v. i.) To undertake, as by a promise.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) First results let us assume that clinically silent TIAs also (in analogy to clinically silent brain infarctions) could be detected and located.
  • (2) Because of the dearth of epidemiological clues as to causation, studies with experimental animal models assume greater importance.
  • (3) For the case described by the author primary tearing of the chiasma due to sudden applanation of the skull in the frontal region with burstfractures in the anterior cranial fossa is assumed.
  • (4) We present a mathematical model that is suitable to reconcile this apparent contradiction in the interpretation of the epidemiological data: the observed parallel time series for the spread of AIDS in groups with different risk of infection can be realized by computer simulation, if one assumes that the outbreak of full-blown AIDS only occurs if HIV and a certain infectious coagent (cofactor) CO are present.
  • (5) We assumed that the sensory messages received at a given level are transformed by a stochastic process, called Alopex, in a way which maximizes responses in central feature analyzers.
  • (6) The myocardium was assumed to be composed of a nonlinear viscoelastic, inhomogeneous, anisotropic (transversely isotropic) and incompressible material operating under adiabatic and isothermal conditions.
  • (7) Anything not eligible is simply ignored or assumed to be someone else’s responsibility.
  • (8) Assuming 1 kg LBM to contain 52.1 mmol potassium, the mean LBM was 3028 g in the I-NSM and 2739 in the I-SM; mean fat mass was similar in both groups.
  • (9) Utilizing a range of operative Michaelis-Menten parameters that characterize phenytoin elimination via a single capacity-limited pathway, a situation assuming instantaneous absorption (case I) is compared with the situation in which continuous constant-rate absorption occurs (case II).
  • (10) It is commonly assumed that the visual resolution limit must be equal to or less than the Nyquist frequency of the cone mosaic.
  • (11) Since all human cadaveric tissue is fixed whilst on the skeleton, we may assume that shrinkage of the muscles in such specimens is negligible.
  • (12) During the carcinogens metabolism compounds are assumed to be formed, those are able to affect oxidative phosphorylation without forming any stable link with the respiratory chain components.
  • (13) It is assumed that the mild analgesia produced by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indomethacin is due to a common mode of action, namely inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase reaction in the synthesis of prostaglandins.
  • (14) The periodic pattern was assumed as subclinical focal seizure discharges from the right anterior temporal deep structures.
  • (15) In doing so they are often supported by their parents who as well assume an ambivalent attitude towards therapy.
  • (16) We assume that the fragments have been assembled and address the problem of determining the degree to which the reconstructed sequence is free from errors, i.e., its accuracy.
  • (17) From the location and the timing, it is assumed that the antigen recognized by III15B8 functions in chromosome pairing at meiotic prophase.
  • (18) The immune genesis of the TINU syndrome is assumed.
  • (19) It is assumed that daily exposure averages of a worker are lognormally and independently distributed statistically.
  • (20) The bell-shaped dose-response curves observed after irradiation with either X rays or neutrons are explained by assuming simultaneous initial transforming events and cell inactivation with the data for cell inactivation at higher doses being in agreement with data reported for other strains of mice.

Speculate


Definition:

  • (v. i.) To consider by turning a subject in the mind, and viewing it in its different aspects and relations; to meditate; to contemplate; to theorize; as, to speculate on questions in religion; to speculate on political events.
  • (v. i.) To view subjects from certain premises given or assumed, and infer conclusions respecting them a priori.
  • (v. i.) To purchase with the expectation of a contingent advance in value, and a consequent sale at a profit; -- often, in a somewhat depreciative sense, of unsound or hazardous transactions; as, to speculate in coffee, in sugar, or in bank stock.
  • (v. t.) To consider attentively; as, to speculate the nature of a thing.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It did the job of triggering growth, but it also fueled real-estate speculation, similar to what was going on in the mid-2000s here.” Slowing economic growth may be another concern.
  • (2) It has been speculated that these cigarette smoke-induced alterations contribute to the depressed pulmonary defense mechanisms commonly demonstrated in smokers.
  • (3) We speculate that this cleavage event is catalyzed by either a cryptic potyviral proteinase that requires a host factor or subcellular environment for activation, or possibly a host proteinase.
  • (4) 9.23pm GMT Expect the reporters to get even more speculative and desperate from hereon in.
  • (5) So it was speculated that the enhancement of pulmonary metastasis needs remaining of irradiated tumor in bodies of mice for a certain period.
  • (6) We speculate that intestinal injury may also induce or perpetuate arthritis by systemic distribution of inflammatory mediators produced by intestinal immune effector cells.
  • (7) We speculate that the preferential rupture of the H2B-H4 contact is of physiological significance.
  • (8) Such an explanation not only remains vague and speculative but deserves criticism also for being incomplete.
  • (9) One may speculate whether clinical conditions exist--apart from hereditary retinal dystrophies--in which the retina becomes more sensitive to light from strong artificial or natural sources, which are otherwise innoxious.
  • (10) The literature concerning the possible effects of tetracyclines on hemostasis with or without antecedent anticoagulation therapy is reviewed and the speculated mechanisms for such an interaction are discussed.
  • (11) Cable, once a leading critic of City speculation, insists the shares will go to responsible investors.
  • (12) "Getting a 95% loan to value mortgage lets you speculate on the expected house price increases a lot more than a 75% mortgage," he said.
  • (13) Thus one may speculate that endothelin plays a role in the coronary spasm which has been shown in patients with angina pectoris.
  • (14) Gerson Zweifach, general counsel for both News Corp and 21st Century Fox , Murdoch’s film and TV business, said: “We are grateful that this matter has been concluded and acknowledge the fairness and professionalism of the Department of Justice throughout this investigation.” It is understood there has been no background settlement with the Department of Justice in order to avoid a full-blown investigation, contrary to speculation in New York over a year ago that the company was looking at a possible payment of over $850m.
  • (15) Dealers speculated that Facebook's army of bankers had stepped in to stop the shares falling below $38, a move that would have landed the social network with a public relations disaster on its first day as a public company.
  • (16) If we were to have a plebiscite before the end of the year, and you were to reverse-engineer that, it would make interesting speculation about the timing of an election.” Abetz said in January he would need to see whether a plebiscite was “above board or whether the question is stacked” before deciding to heed any result in favour of marriage equality.
  • (17) Undoubtedly because new theories remain speculative when viewed from our own standpoint.
  • (18) Lack of transparency about the nature of the relationship between police and media also led to speculation and perceptions, whatever the facts, that caused "serious harm".
  • (19) The similarity of the low-K breathing pattern to that observed with reserpine administration together with the known relationships of K and catecholamine metabolism lead to the speculation that K depletion alters breathing via an effect on central catecholamine metabolism.
  • (20) Last week, Park offered a public apology after acknowledging Choi had edited some of her speeches and provided help with public relations, but South Korea’s media have speculated Choi played a much larger, secret role in government affairs.