What's the difference between assumption and fallacy?

Assumption


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of taking up or adopting.
  • (n.) The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim.
  • (n.) The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.
  • (n.) The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.
  • (n.) The taking of a person up into heaven.
  • (n.) A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The assumption was also corroborated using reagents from a family in which DR3 and DQw2 were not found in the usually described linkage.
  • (2) On the assumption of a distribution in properties of the suspension according to the theory of Bruggeman, the capacitance is calculated to have a value of about one half this.5.
  • (3) It argues that much of the support of for-profits derives from American market ideology and the assumption that the search for profits leads to efficiency in production.
  • (4) The findings support the assumption that changes in tubular Na+ transport probably participate in the changes of tubular amino acid transport in elderly individuals.
  • (5) Thus neither the presence of changes in RS-T segment or T wave nor the absence of QRS changes are mandatory for the diagnosis of SEMI; this invalidates the common assumption that the diagnosis is not justified unless these conditions are met.
  • (6) The rationale for this assumption seems logical because using all of the available accommodation is not sustainable without discomfort.
  • (7) It requires the assumption that there is no isotopic exchange between lactate and other compounds, yet experimental evidence indicates that lactate and pyruvate are in rapid equilibrium.
  • (8) Retrograde extrapolation is applicable in the forensic setting with scientific reliability when reasonable and justifiable assumptions are utilized.
  • (9) The neo-Nazi murder trial revealing Germany's darkest secrets – podcast Read more From the very start, the investigation was riddled with basic errors and faulty assumptions.
  • (10) These findings lend new support to the assumption of the bifunctional property of IGFBP-3, which would have an effect outside the cell (binding of IGF in the medium) and another effect within cells or on the surface.
  • (11) The absence of proliferation control violates the general assumption that idiotypic interactions play an important role in immune regulation.
  • (12) Experiment 4 replicated these findings with children, indicating that the assumption of a correlation between word and visual complexity exists during the period of intense vocabulary growth.
  • (13) Mean open-loop gains calculated under this assumption were 1.64 for the CS system alone, 0.89 for the V system alone, and 6.59 for the interacting component between them.
  • (14) Yet the OBR’s list of basic assumptions in its 260-page report on the economic and fiscal outlook this week are not exactly controversial: the UK to leave the EU in 2019; slower import and export growth in the transitional period; a tighter migration regime.
  • (15) In conclusion, shape analysis and pattern recognition techniques can be used to forego dependence on the numerous assumptions and approximations required by traditional wall motion techniques, while providing performance characteristics that are similar to, and in some instances better than, traditional approaches.
  • (16) Published estimates of radiation dose to the gonads from 131I therapy of Graves' disease vary widely, largely because of differences in assumptions regarding the details of iodine kinetics.
  • (17) This reconstruction only requires very general assumptions, such as tracer-tracee indistinguishability and mass conservation; in particular it is independent of the glucose model structure, i.e., number of compartments and their interconnections.
  • (18) The authors expressed in 1984 the assumption that lithium is the drug of the phenomenon of suicidal action in affective disorders.
  • (19) Estimates of the number of eventual TA-AIDS cases to be seen are considerably more uncertain and require additional assumptions about the incubation distribution.
  • (20) Although epistatic selection cannot be completely ruled out, our results are better explained under the assumption of neutrality.

Fallacy


Definition:

  • (n.) Deceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads the eye or the mind; deception.
  • (n.) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a sophism.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) In March, the Tories reappointed their trusty old attack dogs, M&C Saatchi, to work alongside the lead agency, Euro RSCG, and M&C Saatchi's chief executive, David Kershaw, wasted no time in setting out his stall, saying: "It's a fallacy that online has replaced offline in terms of media communications."
  • (2) Once availed of the fallacy that athletes are role models, there’s a certain purity that feels almost quaint in an era of athlete as brand.
  • (3) It's a fallacy, because there is no such thing as 'the people'.
  • (4) In 2 experiments, representativeness was pitted against probability combination to determine the contributions of each to the fallacy.
  • (5) It is argued that Western science reductionist approaches to the classification of "mass hysteria" treat it as an entity to be discovered transculturally, and in their self-fulfilling search for universals systematically exclude what does not fit within the autonomous parameters of its Western-biased culture model, exemplifying what Kleinman (1977) terms a "category fallacy."
  • (6) Attempts have been made to avoid the fallacies with the introduction of quadrilateral and Wits analyses.
  • (7) Greater efforts to verify the characteristics of apparently discordant pairs than to verify those of apparently concordant pairs can result in the 'unequal ascertainment' fallacy.
  • (8) It's pure ad hominem (in the classic sense of the logical fallacy): "who is "Cornell [ sic ] West" to think that anything he says should be even listened to by "national security professionals"?
  • (9) For example, the fallacy is committed when a study contains the conclusion that TV advertising increases preference for sugar-based foods, but the reader later believes that the study concluded that TV advertising should be controlled.
  • (10) Typically, people get honours for their charity work, and I've never even agreed with that, since it tends to mean donations, which tend to proceed from wealth, and all it does is lock down and make flesh the fallacy that rich people are more honourable than everyone else.
  • (11) In our response, we place special emphasis on the fallacy of using nondiscriminating similarities between groups (e.g., suicidal ideation) as a basis for positing disease homogeneity.
  • (12) This is a good example of the post hoc, ergo propter hoc – “after this, therefore because of this” – fallacy.
  • (13) The author discusses the fallacy in the orthodox interpretation of Wolff's law, and suggests that a "resolution length restriction" be imposed on the trajectorial theory to avoid interpretations that lead to the fallacy.
  • (14) Simulation can validate a proposed policy, uncover fallacies of a proposal, or determine the sensitivity of the response to a policy change.
  • (15) being involved is the idea – and it is a core capitalist idea – that if you provide people with perfect information about a market you will be able to make perfect decisions, which is just fallacious in the context of higher education.
  • (16) The Lib Dem deputy leader, Simon Hughes, told the BBC that the no camp had conducted a "fundamentally fallacious campaign" which would affect the coalition.
  • (17) It is fallacious to assume that the conditions were worse in the past as it is fallacious to assume that they were better.
  • (18) Of course the polarisation of old and young rests on a fallacy, if not a downright lie: that all young people possess perfect skin and gleaming hair, have non-stop sex, are bursting with energy and are never lonely.
  • (19) Amniotomy followed by oxytocin infusion is advocated to simulate the progress of normal labour unless this is evident from an early stage.Oxytocin, the dose of which is limited only by foetal distress, cannot be used effectively unless three popular fallacies are rejected.
  • (20) While the error of indulging in fantasies such as the " Twitter revolution " and the collapsing Islamic Republic may be understandable, I wonder if the flawed logic that allowed for such fallacies is.