(adv.) In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or stern; backward; as, to go astern.
(adv.) Behind a ship; in the rear.
Example Sentences:
(1) 8 sternal and 5 asternal ribs were observed in animals of both breeds.
Pastern
Definition:
(n.) The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse.
(n.) A shackle for horses while pasturing.
(n.) A patten.
Example Sentences:
(1) Other applications, the discussion of which is beyond the scope of this article, include evaluation of the pastern for injuries to the SDF, DDF, and oblique sesamoidean ligament, and evaluation of the navicular bursae.
(2) The palmar metacarpal nerves usually do not innervate structures distal to the pastern joint.
(3) The front foot pastern angle was correlated positively with structural soundness scores, suggesting that sows with smaller angles (more sloping) were given more desirable soundness scores.
(4) Feed intake (FI), rectal temperature (RT), and respiration rate (RR) were recorded daily, and heart rate (HR) and infrared temperatures at the ear canal (ECT), ear tip (ETT), pastern (PT), coronary band (CBT), and tail tip (TTT) were recorded weekly.
(5) Most of these were located below the pastern (90.5%) and most lesions involved hindlimbs (79%).
(6) Arthrodesis of the pastern joint was performed in six horses with a history of acute trauma and in 10 horses with a history of chronic lameness of one to six months duration.
(7) Clinical, radiographical, scintigraphical and histological effects on the navicular bone after resection of the medial and lateral palmar digital arteries in the pastern of one forelimb in ponies are evaluated.
(8) Adhesion formation between the deep digital flexor tendon and the tendon sheath at the pastern region was induced in the forelimbs of all horses.
(9) Immediately following neurectomy there was an area of insensitivity with sharply defined borders extending in an arc from the back of the pastern down towards the bulbs of the heels.
(10) The phenotypic abnormalities observed in all 10 live affected animals included an inability to rise from a recumbent position, moderate to marked intention tremor, eye movements resembling pendular nystagmus, clinical deafness, bilateral Horner's syndrome, carpal contractures, pastern joint hyperextension, thickened skin and to a varying degree, a dome-shaped skull.
(11) The short incomplete sagittal fracture (split pastern) was most common and carried a good prognosis for a return to racing following conservative treatment.
(12) Similarities included abortions, contracture or overextension of the pastern joint, permanent flexure of the carpal joint, lateral rotation of the forelimbs, osteoporosis and bone fragility, and brachygnathia.
(13) The horses were found to be suffering from a slow progressive skin disease with lesions on the chest, shoulders, inner and lateral aspects of the fore- and hindlimbs, the face, fetlocks, pasterns and on the lateral surfaces of the body.
(14) Modest to moderate flexure of the carpal joints, some lateral deviation in the front limbs at the pastern joint and kinked tails were observed.
(15) Sows that survived three parities tended to have larger body capacity (girth diameter and width across hams) and smaller front and bind pastern angles and angles of the carpal joint and hock at maximum flex than did culled sows.
(16) Bony swellings were obvious in the pastern area of both forelegs.
(17) Early dietary energy and Ca-P levels did not influence number of sows completing three parities or culled for various reasons, front and hind pastern angles, the angles at the hock and carpal joint or rear view measurements, but sows fed ad libitum to 100 kg had a larger frame size even after three parities.
(18) The causes, clinical signs and various approaches to treatment of injuries involving the foot and pastern regions are reviewed, and the prognosis for each type of injury is discussed.
(19) Leg angle, pastern angle and time variables were not related with average skid resistance value of the different floors.