(n.) The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia at the ankle.
(n.) A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe Galegeae, containing numerous species, two of which are called, in English, milk vetch and licorice vetch. Gum tragacanth is obtained from different oriental species, particularly the A. gummifer and A. verus.
(n.) See Astragal, 1.
Example Sentences:
(1) Astragalus lusitanicus Lam lusitanicus has been reported to be toxic for mammals.
(2) This study demonstrated that Astragalus lusitanicus found in Morocco is toxic to sheep.
(3) Three groups of 5 pigs each were fed a high selenium (Se) diet by mixing either Astragalus praelongus (31.6 ppm Se in feed), A bisulcatus (31.7 ppm Se in feed), or sodium selenate (26.6 ppm Se in feed) with commercial hog feed.
(4) These results suggest that F3 retained the immunopotentiating activity of the original crude extract and form the rational basis for the use of Astragalus in immunotherapy.
(5) (Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Epimedium brevicornum, Cortex Cinnamomi and Herba Cistanchis) may exert an unfavorable effect on normal rats, i. e. natural weight gain reduced (P less than 0.01), serum T3 decreased (P less than 0.05), rT3, TRH levels raised (P less than 0.01) and TSH showed a raising tendency.
(6) The saponins (ASI, SK) used in this study was extracted from the root of Astragalus membranaceous Bge and Astragalus sieversianus Pull.
(7) Eleven oligosaccharides were purified form the urine of sheep with swainsonine toxicosis induced by the feeding of Astragalus lentiginosus.
(8) Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) and Scutellaria barbata (SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumors while Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Ligustrum lucidum (LL) are often used as an adjunct in cancer therapy.
(9) YHI consists of Ginseng, Astragalus and Angelicae Sinensis.
(10) Four hypotheses were tested to evaluate locoweed's (Astragalus lentiginosus) addictive nature: 1) animals become psychologically addicted to locoweed; 2) animals have an innate preference for locoweed; 3) animals become habituated to locoweed in the sense of acquiring an acceptance or liking for it; and 4) intoxicated animals lose the ability to discriminate between feeds and eat whatever is present.
(11) Absorption of selenate and selenite by excised roots of Astragalus Crotalariae, a selenium accumulator, and of A. lentiginosus, a non-accumulator, was favored by CaCl(2) and a pH of 4.0.
(12) All calves fed locoweed (green and dry Oxytropis sericea Nutt and dry Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl) at high elevation developed clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions of congestive right heart failure.
(13) A partially purified fraction (F3) with an estimated molecular weight of 20,000 to 25,000 derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus, was found to possess a potent immunorestorative activity in vitro.
(14) Metabolism of L-[35S]cystathionine, L-[35S]cysteine and L-[35S]homocysteine has been investigated in Astragalus pectinatus.
(15) The above description indicates that the total saponin of Gynostemma pentaphylla is a better immunomodulator, seems to be like the actions of some Chinese drugs, for example, Panax ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus etc.
(16) Cells affected by locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) and Swainsona galegifolia toxicosis or mannosidosis exhibit similarities in their catabolism of N-linked glycoproteins and accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles.
(17) Fu-zheng was achieved by Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeonia lactiflora, whereas qu-xie by Taraxacum monogolicum and Oldenlandia diffusa.
(18) Locoweed, Astragalus lentiginosus, was fed to pregnant ewes for various periods during gestation.
(19) The in vitro immunomodulatory activity of fractions derived from Astragalus membranaceus, an herb commonly used in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine, was first screened by studying their individual effects on mononuclear cells (MNC) derived from healthy normal donors using the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (XGVHR).
(20) Roots of a number of Astragalus species were examined, and in all cases selenate entered the roots much faster than selenite.
Tragacanth
Definition:
(n.) A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub (Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly swells into a mucilaginous mass, which is used as a substitute for gum arabic in medicine and the arts. Called also gum tragacanth.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, the oral toxicity of tragacanth gum to B6C3F1 mice was concluded to be negligible.
(2) A plaque assay was developed for FMD virus that depended on washing MVPK-1 cells in serum-free medium before infection and excluding serum from 0.6% gum tragacanth overlay during plaque formation.
(3) Repeated oral administration of commonly used suspending media, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose-Na to rats caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in liver and heart mitochondria and partial inhibition of mixed function oxidases of liver endoplasmic reticulum, as measured by 2-biphenylhydroxylation and 4-biphenylhydroxylation.
(4) In the presence of trypsin and tragacanth gum, clear foci developed 1 day after infection.
(5) The ethanolic extract, and some of the gum preparations, particularly tragacanth and karaya, caused considerable footpad swelling when injected intradermally.
(6) It was found that these strains remain cell-associated after repeated cocultivations with Vero cells and produce plaques under fluid medium or tragacanth overlay.
(7) Tragacanth gum was administered at dietary levels of 0 (control), 1.25 and 5.0% to groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice for 96 wk after which all animals were maintained on a basal diet without tragacanth gum for a further 10 wk.
(8) To define the type of dietary fibre of fibre analogue with the greatest potential use in diabetic treatment, groups of four to six volunteers underwent 50-g glucose tolerance tests (GTT) with and without the addition of either guar, pectin, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, wheat bran, or cholestyramine equivalent to 12 g fibre.
(9) Suckling mouse brain passage virus was adapted for growth in BHK-21 cells, and plaque assays were performed using a tragacanth gum overlay.
(10) Tragacanth and guar gum inhibited the activity to a greater extent than acacia, sodium alginate and carrageenin.
(11) The data presented may be useful for extending the current specifications for identity and purity, at present based solely on polysaccharide parameters, for gum tragacanth (E413).
(12) Six Iranian and seven Turkish samples of commercial gum tragacanth, and a sample of Turkish 'gum traganton', have been studied.
(13) Results from dialysis and fermentation predicted the action of wheat bran, pectin, guar, gum arabic, carboxymethylcellulose, gellan, tragacanth, xanthan, and karaya in humans and generated anomalous results for karaya and tragacanth.
(14) Many of the Bacteroides strains tested were also able to ferment a variety of plant polysaccharides, including amylose, dextran, pectin, gum tragacanth, gum guar, larch arabinogalactan, alginate, and laminarin.
(15) To investigate the nature of these gross lesions, tragacanth gum was fed to groups of 30 male mice at the dietary level of 5.0% for periods of up to 48 wk; 20 males served as controls.
(16) Wheat bran and gum tragacanth increase stool weight but have no effect on serum cholesterol or on hydrogen excretion.
(17) Interaction of the preservative with hydrophilic macromolecules and subsequent reduction in the availability of preservative appears to be the predominant mechanism by which tragacanth and guar gum reduce the activity of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate.
(18) The gums studied were tragacanth, karaya, ghatti, carob, guar, arabic and xanthan gum.
(19) The effect of talc, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and Acrawax C, which are commonly used as lubricants, on the dry-binding efficiency of tragacanth, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and mannitol were investigated.
(20) Gum tragacanth, normal saline, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed 1:1 with normal saline, sesame oil, and propylene glycol were found to be suitable injection vehicles, whereas ethanol, dissolved in normal saline in concentrations as low as 0.5% was found unsuitable.