(1) Before the season, each subject performed an exercise test, and the maximal capacity of oxygen uptake was estimated according to Astrand and Rhyming.
(2) It may also be possible to reach, by progressive 2-minute steps, a rate which is slightly greater than the maximum rate according to Astrand's law, and to take less account of ST depression as a positive criterioe, and more of the appearance of pain; the fact that this pain is angina could be confirmed by a dual test using placebo and trinitrin.
(3) An equation was derived of the form: T - Au1k1u2--k2 where u1 end u2 are the aerobic and anaerobic fractions respectively which has been found to yield highly significant correlation coefficient between log-estimated and log-observed endurance time (0.9996 for Astrand and Rodahl's data on a single subject and 0.9640 for the present data on 13 subjects).
(4) Physical efficiency in 184 spinners of a modern knitting plant has been examined by determining a maximum absorbtion of oxygen (VO2 max) using an indirect method of Astrand--Ryhming.
(5) A signal aim was to improve on the accuracy of the 1954 Astrand-Ryhming (A-R) nomogram predicting maximum aerobic power from heart rate elevation at submaximum work rates.
(6) Astrand concurs with this and states that "there is less risk in activity than in continuous inactivity--it is more advisable to pass a careful physical examination if one intends to be sedentary in order to establish whether one's state of health is good enough to stand the inactivity."
(7) A standard Astrand bicycle ergometer test was used to predict the maximum oxygen intake of 672 female and 558 male volunteers ranging in age from 15 to 69 years.
(8) Statistical analysis revealed a significant under-prediction (P less than 0.001) of the VO2 predicted by the Astrand test to the VO2 max derived from the treadmill test while there were no differences between the treadmill VO2max and that predicted by the CHFT.
(9) The prediction of maximal oxygen uptake with use of indirect Astrand-Rhythm method showed significantly higher values in evening types.
(10) The maximum working capacity was calculated by the values of the pulse rate with submaximum degrees of loading according to Astrand method.
(11) The purpose of this study was to compare the predicted maximal oxygen concumption derived from the Canadian Home Fitness Test (CHFT) and the Astrand ergometer test to the observed VO2 max determined from a progressive multi-stage treadmill test.
(12) For VO2max estimated by Astrand's nomogram (VO2max, est1) and by linear extrapolation of submaximal values of HR and VO2 to HRmax, est (VO2max, est2), individual errors were large (SD 17-28%).
(13) The present work was meant to determine by means of the Astrand method the maximal oxygen uptake in dockers performing a physically heavy loading work and in operators of the mechanic equipment.
(14) To determine whether such a tendency persists for entering college students, the authors evaluated 115 male and 143 female students for performance on the following fitness-related variables: (1) maximal oxygen consumption (estimated from Astrand cycling protocol), (2) body composition (skin-fold techniques), (3) muscle endurance (sit-up protocol), (4) muscle strength (bench-press protocol), and (5) joint flexibility (upper and lower body protocols).
(15) Taking account also of variations in the fficiency of stepping, the probable error of an Astrand prediction of V O2(max) is approximately 10.3%.
(16) Our data point out that 1) indirect measuring of aerobic capacity from the Astrand and Ryhming nomogram is discouraged in sedentary subjects living at moderate altitudes and, 2) in contrast to other author's suggestions, aerobic capacity is not diminished by chronic exposure to moderate hypoxia.
(17) The historic studies by Robinson and Astrand as well as more recent studies present a fairly uniform rate of decline in VO2max with age at 0.40-0.50 ml X kg-1 X min-1 X year-1 in men.
(18) All patients, except one who developed cardiac arrhythmia during the second test, accomplished a submaximal bicycle test (a.m. Astrand).
(19) In 34 young females (mean: 21 years, range 18-30), working with VDTs, maximum aerobic capacity (MAC) was estimated by use of a cycle ergometer and Astrand's nomogram.
(20) Maximum oxygen consumption was predicted using the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram.
Strand
Definition:
(n.) One of the twists, or strings, as of fibers, wires, etc., of which a rope is composed.
(v. t.) To break a strand of (a rope).
(n.) The shore, especially the beach of a sea, ocean, or large lake; rarely, the margin of a navigable river.
(v. t.) To drive on a strand; hence, to run aground; as, to strand a ship.
(v. i.) To drift, or be driven, on shore to run aground; as, the ship stranded at high water.
Example Sentences:
(1) Within the outflow tract wall, the labelled cells were enmeshed by strands of alcian blue-stained extracellular matrix.
(2) Theoretical computations are performed of the intercalative binding of the neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS) with the double-stranded oligonucleotides d(CGCG)2, d(GCGC)2, d(TATA)2 and d(ATAT)2.
(3) Single stranded DNA and RNA are hydrolyzed by the spinach endonuclease.
(4) The M 13 specific DNA present in minicells isolated several hours after infection consists of single stranded viral DNA and double stranded replicative forms in nearly equal amounts.
(5) Each L subunit contains 127 residues arranged into 10 beta-strands connected by turns.
(6) Globin cDNA was used as the template for the synthesis of a complementary strand (ccDNA) by avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase.
(7) Both strong-stop DNAs are made early during in vitro reactions and decline in concentration later, consistent with postulated roles as initiators of long minus- and plus-strand DNA.
(8) Neutral sucrose density sedimentation patterns indicate that neutron-induced double strand-breaks sometimes occur in clusters of more than 100 in the same phage and that the effeciency with which double strand-breaks form is about 50 times that of gamma-induced double strand-breaks.
(9) Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the interaction of gene 32 protein of T4 phage with single-stranded fd DNA were performed monitoring the changes in protein fluorescence.
(10) Single-stranded circles did not form if a limited number of nucleotides were removed from the 3' ends of native molecules by Escherichia coli exonuclease III digestion prior to denaturation and annealing.
(11) Structural studies indicate that caveolae are decorated on their cytoplasmic surface by a unique array of filaments or strands that form striated coatings.
(12) An average size chromomere of the polytene X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster contains enough DNA in each haploid equivalent strand to code for 30 genes, each 1,000 nucleotides long.
(13) Preparations of the 72 kDa, purified by immunoprecipitation or by single-stranded DNA-cellulose column chromatography and incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, were found to contain protein kinase activity.
(14) Longer times of radiolabeling demonstrated that the nascent RNA accumulated as 42S RNA, which was primarily of the same sense as the virion strand when it was radiolabeled at 5 h postinfection.
(15) In vivo, ribosomal RNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcribed from the light strand of gamma DNA.
(16) It is conceivable that DNA replication of RSF1010 does not need the priming mechanism for lagging strand synthesis and proceeds by the strand displacement mechanism.
(17) These experiments represent the first occasion that the sequence specificity of a DNA damaging agent, which causes only double-strand breaks, has been determined to the exact base-pair in intact cells.
(18) Crandell feline kidney cells in which the ADV-G strain of ADV was permissively replicating contained virion and non-structural proteins, large amounts of single stranded virion DNA, duplex replicative form (RF) DNA, and mRNA.
(19) Oligodeoxynucleotides related to the non-transcribed DNA strands can effectively inhibit the RNA synthesis catalyzed by E. coli RNA polymerase.
(20) The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) genome is a double-stranded DNA molecule of about 5 million daltons.