(n.) An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a molecule.
(n.) A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be made up of subordinate particles.
(n.) The smallest particle of matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule.
(n.) Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit.
(v. t.) To reduce to atoms.
Example Sentences:
(1) It has been conformed that catalase from bovine liver eliminates only the pro R hydrogen atom from ethanol.
(2) The results demonstrated that K2PtCl4 was bound to a greater degree than CDDP in this system with 3-5 and 1-2 platinum atoms respectively, bound per transferrin molecule.
(3) Richard Bull Woodbridge, Suffolk • Why does Britain need Chinese money to build a new atomic generator ( Letters , 20 October)?
(4) The bond distances of Cu to Cl(1), Cl(2), N(3) and N(3') atoms are 2.299 (1), 2.267 (1), 1.985 (4) and 1.996 (3) A, respectively.
(5) The common atoms of the [3Fe-4S] and [4Fe-4S] cores agree within 0.1 A; the three common cysteinyl S gamma ligand atoms agree within 0.25 A.
(6) This result was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, which indicated a stoicheiometry for copper and manganese of approx.
(7) The inter-molecular similarity measure used is the number of atoms in the 3-D common substructure (CS) between the two molecules which are being compared.
(8) The risks are determined, mainly by expert committees, from the steadily growing information on exposed human populations, especially the survivors of the atomic bombs dropped in Japan in 1945.
(9) All N and O atoms except N(3) and O(4') participate in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding system.
(10) This suggestion is supported by EPR studies, which show that the iron atoms in Fe(III)L-globin are in two low electronic states.
(11) The molar refractivity has been shown to be a superior parameter for the description of the activity of sulphonamides than the sum of electronegativities of atoms making up a heterocyclic substituent in the sulphonamide molecule and molecular weight of the substituent.
(12) Binding to HSA occurs primarily with the imidazolidine and thiazolidine groups of levamisole as it has been demonstrated by selective changes in the relaxation times and the chemical shifts of the protons attached to the carbon atoms.
(13) Each repeat unit contains thirty amino acids and is thought to bind a zinc atom using two cysteines and two histidines as ligands.
(14) NADP+ bound at the C8 atom in the adenine moiety proved to be the most efficient ligand whereas that bound at the C3 atom of the ribose moiety was relatively inefficient.
(15) This structure is further characterized by approaches of both the carbonyl and the furan O atoms to ring H atoms with separations which are slightly less than the sum of the relevant van der Waals radii.
(16) The magnitude of improvement achieved is dependent upon field size, SSD, the atomic number of the foil material, and foil thickness.
(17) For the liver enzyme, the logarithm of the inhibition constant was linearly related to the number of carbon atoms in the saturated fatty acids whereas the muscle enzyme, which was generally more strongly inhibited, showed a nonlinear dependence.
(18) Results obtained from a such study are here compared with levels obtained from a comparative determination of the metals in the mosses by three other techniques: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), Direct current plasma (atomic emission) spectroscopy (DCPS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.
(19) It was hypothesized that the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues was based on the relative abilities of these compounds to undergo H atom loss at the phenolic oxygen, and on the relative stabilities of the resulting free-radical species.
(20) The resulting family of structures has a mean backbone rmsd of 0.63 A (N, C alpha, C', O atoms), excluding the segments containing residues 45-59 and 84-88.
Bicarbonate
Definition:
(n.) A carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called supercarbonate.
Example Sentences:
(1) To examine the central nervous system regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion, an animal model was developed that allowed cerebroventricular and intravenous injections as well as collection of duodenal perfusates in awake, freely moving rats.
(2) In addition to esophageal manometry, we also performed acid-clearance studies and examined salivary output, acid-neutralizing capacity, and bicarbonate concentration.
(3) Finally, it could be observed that elevated osmotic pressures reduced the lysis of isolated secretory granules when bicarbonate ions were present in the incubation medium.
(4) In vitro studies in cardiac Purkinje fibers suggested that reversal of amitriptyline-induced cardiac membrane effects by sodium bicarbonate may be attributed not only to alkalinization but also to increased in extracellular sodium concentration, diminishing the local anesthetic action of amitriptyline and resulting in less sodium channel block.
(5) In conclusion, the ability of distal tubules to establish a significant pH gradient will contribute to the titration of non bicarbonate buffers, i.e., to titratable acid formation.
(6) Increasing the pH of local anesthetics with sodium bicarbonate has been reported to hasten their onset of action.
(7) Rings of isolated coronary and femoral arteries (without endothelium) were suspended for isometric tension recording in organ chambers filled with modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution.
(8) The addition of sodium bicarbonate to gum containing sorbitol markedly enhanced its capacity to cause and maintain an elevation of interproximal plaque pH previously lowered by exposure to fermentable carbohydrate.
(9) Por the treatment of L.A., adjunction of dialysis and furosemide improved the efficacy of early and massive sodium bicarbonate infusion.
(10) The relationship between urine pH, modified by the oral administration of either ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate, and the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE) was studied in healthy female subjects.
(11) It is suggested that the limited renal capacity to reabsorb sodium may account for the low bicarbonate threshold in premature infants.
(12) The most substantial deviations between actual and theoretical osmolarity values occurred with the calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and dextrose solutions.
(13) Outward Na+ cotransport fluxes significantly rose (p less than 0.05) after acetate hemodialysis and decreased (p less than 0.05) after bicarbonate hemodialysis.
(14) The results demonstrate that: (1) the administration of somatostatin at a low dose level does not affect human exocrine pancreatic secretion, at least under the experimental conditions of this study; and (2) the administration of larger doses of somatostatin inhibits pancreatic secretion of both protein and bicarbonate dose-dependently.
(15) It is suggested from these in vivo studies that renal carbonic anhydrase is present and active during fetal life and does not limit the capacity of the fetal kidney to reabsorb bicarbonate.
(16) These data demonstrate that PTH induces bicarbonate and phosphate excretion regardless of whether carbonic anhydrase is intact or nearly 100% inhibited by acetazolamide.
(17) We therefore investigated the influence of different carbon dioxide tensions and bicarbonate concentrations on directly measured pH of organ baths aerated with mass-spectrometric analyzed O2-CO2 gases.
(18) Bicarbonate administration by either route resulted in an elevated mixed venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide and an elevated arterial pH, but no significant change in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
(19) More recently, attention has also been focussed on bicarbonate transport in attempts to identify a possible role for this ion in enhancing the rate of net fluid efflux by proximal tubules.
(20) VO2+ is more effective than Mg2+ in activation of the bicarbonate-dependent ATPase reaction of pyruvate kinase, and in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate.