(n.) A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine.
Example Sentences:
(1) Comparison if single injections of MSB and atropine in normal subjects also demonstrated a more reliable dose-response relationship with MSB.
(2) ), but it was potentiated by either atropine (5 mg kg-1 i.p.)
(3) Eight healthy, nonsmoking subjects received 1.7, 3.4, and 5.2 mg of atropine sulfate by inhalation and 1.67 mg of atropine free base (equivalent to 2 mg of atropine sulfate) by intramuscular (i.m.)
(4) Anti-histamine and anti-serotonin drugs, as well as substances capable of blocking synthesis of prostaglandins or activation of the kinin system, and also atropine, were ineffective in reducing the responses to TsTX or electrical stimuli.
(5) Neither atropine (1.4 X 10(-6) M) nor propranolol (3.4 X 10(-6) M) blocked the inhibitory action of neurotensin (10(-8) M) on the inhibitory potential.
(6) The effect was countered by prior administration of atropine into the site.
(7) The effects were atropine-resistant and qualitatively similar to those seen with cocaine.
(8) Atropine (1 microM) was used to block the muscarinic cholinoceptors.
(9) The vagally induced pyloric contraction was resistant to atropine but sensitive to SPA and hexamethonium, indicating involvement of SP in the activation of preganglionic neurons as well.
(10) Carbachol microinjected into the LRN also produced an antinociception which was attenuated significantly by atropine but not naloxone previously microinjected into the same site in the LRN.
(11) However, when parasympathetic activity was abolished by atropine and tracheal tone was restored with 5-hydroxytryptamine, benzodiazepines applied on the VMS had no effect on tracheal pressure.
(12) The inhibitory response was not decreased by treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, yohimbine or naloxone, suggesting that muscarinic, nicotinic, alpha 2 adrenergic or opiate receptors were not being stimulated.
(13) The inhibitory phase was blocked by atropine and the excitatory phase was eliminated by tubocurarine chloride, hexamethonium bromide or pindolol.
(14) Acetylcholine increases their turnover, Atropine reduces it, and the addition of atropine counteracts the effect of acetylcholine in all these phospholipids.
(15) Hypoxic exposure following atropine treatment resulted in progressive increases in PVA, Q and stroke volume; fH decreased during the recovery period.
(16) In LM strips, the contractile responses to tachykinins were unaffected by spantide and methysergide, but partly decreased by tetrodotoxin and atropine.
(17) Atropine significantly reduced rhinorrhea, the levels of histamine, and TAME-esterase activity as well as the osmolality of recovered lavage fluids, but had no effect on nasal congestion or albumin.
(18) Combined propranolol-atropine blockade increased heart rate at rest in the SAP state, and significantly attenuated the tachycardia accompanying treadmill exercise.
(19) Atropine inhibited insulin release induced by both acetylcholine and by 16.4 mM glucose.
(20) Atropine stimulated significantly the rat liver and esophagus carcinogenesis, whereas the alpha-adrenoblocking agent, a pyrrhoxane analogue, and, particularly, proserine inhibited these processes.
Belladonna
Definition:
(n.) An herbaceous European plant (Atropa belladonna) with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The whole plant and its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and leaves are used as powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are largely due to the alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called also deadly nightshade.
(n.) A species of Amaryllis (A. belladonna); the belladonna lily.
Example Sentences:
(1) She lives in Brooklyn, where she is currently an MFA candidate at Pratt Institute, co-host of SHIRLEY and a member of the Belladonna* Collaborative.
(2) In 4 subjects the obstructions disappeared after both belladonna and the placebo; the children were considered to have an "inconclusive response".
(3) In our hands it has been used to reverse the adverse central effects of tranquilizers, antihistamines and belladonna alkaloids.
(4) The belladonna mottle virus is more closely related to eggplant mosaic virus than to turnip yellow mosaic virus, the type member of this group, as evident from the sequence homologies of 57 and 32%, respectively.
(5) Twenty-nine cybrids possessing an Atropa belladonna nuclear genome and a Nicotiana tabacum plastome were selected from two independent protoplast fusion experiments.
(6) A phylogenetic tree constructed after aligning separately the sequence of the CP, the replicase protein (RP) and the tRNA-like structure determined in this study with the corresponding sequences of other tymoviruses shows that PhMV wrongly named belladonna mottle virus [BDMV(I)] is a separate tymovirus and not another strain of BDMV(E) as originally envisaged.
(7) A case of acute glaucoma after the use of oral drops that contained belladonna for nasal allergy further highlights the risks of the use of systemic mydriatic agents in susceptible individuals.
(8) A simplified method for the quantitative analysis of hyoscyamine hydrobromide or atropine in Belladonna Tincture USP is described.
(9) In all tests, the biological activity of A. belladonna resulted greater than that suggested by its alkaloid content.
(10) These include sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium), H1-antagonists, belladonna alkaloids, methyl xanthines, glucocorticoids and beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulants.
(11) The patients preferred 30 mg phenobarbital plus 8 mg belladonna (P & B) to placebo (P = 0.02).
(12) The sequence of the 81 C-terminal amino acids of the coat protein of Belladonna Mottle Virus, European or type strain (BelMV-E), has been determined.
(13) The coat protein of belladonna mottle virus (a tymovirus) was cleaved by trypsin and chymotrypsin, and the peptides were separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a combination of gel permeation, reverse phase, and ion pair chromatography.
(14) A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study in hospital and general practice has shown that a combination of belladonna alkaloids, ergotamine tartrate, and phenobarbitone (Bellergal) was effective in treating troublesome symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome of which fatigue, tender breasts, nervousness, irritability, lethargy and listlessness were improved to a statistically significant degree.
(15) A case of serious atropine poisoning caused by consumption of the fruits of deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) which commenced with psychosis in a boy of nine years is described.
(16) They were detected in only 3 of 105 species of higher plants examined: Calystegia sepium, Convolvulus arvensis (both of the Convolvulaceae family), and Atropa belladonna.
(17) Distribution and content of alkaloids have been studied in each organ of different Atropa Belladonna varieties.
(18) Atropa belladonna L. (Solanaceae) tincture was compared with atropine for its anticholinergic activity, both in vivo and in vitro.
(19) Belladonna alkaloids include atropine, the prototype, and scopolamine.