(n.) A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine.
Example Sentences:
(1) Comparison if single injections of MSB and atropine in normal subjects also demonstrated a more reliable dose-response relationship with MSB.
(2) ), but it was potentiated by either atropine (5 mg kg-1 i.p.)
(3) Eight healthy, nonsmoking subjects received 1.7, 3.4, and 5.2 mg of atropine sulfate by inhalation and 1.67 mg of atropine free base (equivalent to 2 mg of atropine sulfate) by intramuscular (i.m.)
(4) Anti-histamine and anti-serotonin drugs, as well as substances capable of blocking synthesis of prostaglandins or activation of the kinin system, and also atropine, were ineffective in reducing the responses to TsTX or electrical stimuli.
(5) Neither atropine (1.4 X 10(-6) M) nor propranolol (3.4 X 10(-6) M) blocked the inhibitory action of neurotensin (10(-8) M) on the inhibitory potential.
(6) The effect was countered by prior administration of atropine into the site.
(7) The effects were atropine-resistant and qualitatively similar to those seen with cocaine.
(8) Atropine (1 microM) was used to block the muscarinic cholinoceptors.
(9) The vagally induced pyloric contraction was resistant to atropine but sensitive to SPA and hexamethonium, indicating involvement of SP in the activation of preganglionic neurons as well.
(10) Carbachol microinjected into the LRN also produced an antinociception which was attenuated significantly by atropine but not naloxone previously microinjected into the same site in the LRN.
(11) However, when parasympathetic activity was abolished by atropine and tracheal tone was restored with 5-hydroxytryptamine, benzodiazepines applied on the VMS had no effect on tracheal pressure.
(12) The inhibitory response was not decreased by treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, yohimbine or naloxone, suggesting that muscarinic, nicotinic, alpha 2 adrenergic or opiate receptors were not being stimulated.
(13) The inhibitory phase was blocked by atropine and the excitatory phase was eliminated by tubocurarine chloride, hexamethonium bromide or pindolol.
(14) Acetylcholine increases their turnover, Atropine reduces it, and the addition of atropine counteracts the effect of acetylcholine in all these phospholipids.
(15) Hypoxic exposure following atropine treatment resulted in progressive increases in PVA, Q and stroke volume; fH decreased during the recovery period.
(16) In LM strips, the contractile responses to tachykinins were unaffected by spantide and methysergide, but partly decreased by tetrodotoxin and atropine.
(17) Atropine significantly reduced rhinorrhea, the levels of histamine, and TAME-esterase activity as well as the osmolality of recovered lavage fluids, but had no effect on nasal congestion or albumin.
(18) Combined propranolol-atropine blockade increased heart rate at rest in the SAP state, and significantly attenuated the tachycardia accompanying treadmill exercise.
(19) Atropine inhibited insulin release induced by both acetylcholine and by 16.4 mM glucose.
(20) Atropine stimulated significantly the rat liver and esophagus carcinogenesis, whereas the alpha-adrenoblocking agent, a pyrrhoxane analogue, and, particularly, proserine inhibited these processes.
Ophthalmology
Definition:
(n.) The science which treats of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have reviewed our experience in the radiographic and ophthalmologic evaluation of 1001 patients with symptoms suggesting the presence of a pituitary, prolactin-secreting adenoma.
(2) Results from DNA-marker studies were combined with information from clinical, ophthalmological and electromyographic examinations, with age-dependent penetrance and a recombinant frequency of 4% between the genes for myotonic dystrophy and apolipoprotein C2 being taken into account.
(3) The ophthalmologist must explain to the child and the parents that dyslexia usually has no ophthalmological or visual cause but is a disability with a neurobiological background, still unknown, in which the only efficient treatment is within the area of pedagogy.
(4) "This is a step I never thought I would see," said Prof Robin Ali , a molecular geneticist at the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology in London.
(5) Close cooperation of ophthalmological departments with vitreoretinal centres and early performance of urgent surgery are the basic prerequisites of better functional results of PPV in EHE.
(6) 200 patients who were diagnosed to have bacterial conjuntivitis (111 cases), corneal ulcers (39 cases), dacryocystitis (34 cases) or infections of the eyelids (16 cases) at the ophthalmology department of our university were taken as the patient group and there were 100 normal people in the control group.
(7) Follow up consisted of clinical investigation, laboratory evaluation with detailed thyroid function tests and complete ophthalmological assessments including A and B scan ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) of the orbits.
(8) Four patients with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia and retinal degeneration underwent neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations and computer-assessed corneal electroretinography.
(9) By discussing basic problems and methods of immunology the significance of immune-ophthalmological mechanisms is demonstrated.
(10) Fewer VLBW than LBW-children were neurologically and ophthalmologically normal.
(11) In 50% of the cases in groups II and III, diagnosis was made on a routine ophthalmologic examination.
(12) Ophthalmic examinations were performed for determining the suitability of seven different types of non-ophthalmic ultrasound equipments for ophthalmological purposes.
(13) A review of 27 cases of bacterial endophthalmitis diagnosed and treated at the Specialized Outpatient Department for Infectious Eye Diseases at the 2nd Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Vienna over a period of eight years (January 1983-April 1991) is presented.
(14) Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a second branchial arch defect with significant ophthalmologic, dental and craniofacial findings.
(15) The author draws attention to the advantages of the omitted diagnostic method which can be used by all ophthalmological departments.
(16) The major PXE phenotype emerging from this study is very similar in both patient groups and is characterized by severe ophthalmologic manifestations with variable, mild cutaneous and vascular symptoms.
(17) Since the first use of lasers in ophthalmology in the early 1960s, applications for the medical laser have been found in many medical specialties.
(18) This, together with his remarkable intellect, enabled him to produce outstanding research work within a large spectrum of sciences more or less directly related to ophthalmology.
(19) This case is an unusual example of fibrous dysplasia of the skull with neuro-ophthalmological symptoms but without ptosis, exophthalmos, or visual loss.
(20) In this retrospective study the findings of visual acuity, visual field and papillae of 204 patients operated on the cerebrum were determined and the significance of the morphological factors (position and size of the defect of the cerebral parenchyma, extent of the cerebral ventricles, degree of the cortical atrophy, influence of dignity) for the persisting ophthalmological deficiency phenomena was pointed out.